Table 2. Summary of the Type, Duration, Frequency, Session Length, and Durability of Outcome of the Physical Therapy Regimen in the Intervention and Control Groups.
| Source | Intervention group | Control group | Durability of outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Session length | Regimen duration | Frequency | Session length | Regimen duration | ||
| Acarer et al,43 2015 | NA | 30-40 min | 8 wk | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Agosti et al,23 2016 | 3 Times/wk | 40 min | 4 wk | NA | NA | NA | 4 and 8 wk |
| Akhila et al,33 2022 | 3 Times/wk | 60 min | 6 wk | 3 Times/wk | 60 min | 6 wk | NA |
| Alagumoorthi et al,36 2022 | 3 Times/wk | 30-40 min | 12 wk | 3 Times/wk | 30-40 min | 12 wk | 24 wk |
| Au et al,39 2022 | 2 Times/wk | NA | 6 wk | 1 Time every 2 wk | NA | 6 mo | 18 wk |
| Bonnì et al,20 2019 | 5 Times/wk | 40 min | 2 wk | 5 Times/wk | 45 min | 2 wk | NA |
| Capato et al,18 2020 | 2 Times/wk | 45 min | 5 wk | 2 Times/wk | 45 min | 5 wk | 1 and 6 mo |
| Capecci et al,44 2014 | 3 Times/wk | 40 min | 4 wk | NA | NA | NA | 4 wk |
| Carpinella et al,29 2017 | 3 Times/wk | 45 min | 7 wk | 3 Times/wk | 45 min | 7 wk | 4 wk |
| Carvalho et al,45 2015 | 2 Times/wk | 40 min | 12 wk | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Cholewa et al,28 2017 | 2 Times/wk | 60 min | 36 mo | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Clarke et al,16 2016 | Median sessions, 4 | 58 min | 8 wk | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Clerici et al,30 2019 | 4 Times/d for 5 d, PT the 6th day | 60 min | 4 wk | 4 Times/d for 5 d, PT on the 6th day, 3 AT weekly | 60 min | 4 wk | NA |
| De Natale et al,40 2017 | 2 Times/wk | 60 min | 10 wk | 2 Times/wk | 60 min | 10 wk | 8 wk |
| Dipasquale et al,24 2017 | 2 Times/wk | 60 min | 4 mo | 2 Times/wk | 60 min | 4 mo | 135 d |
| Feng et al,25 2019 | 5 d/wk | 45 min | 12 wk | 5 Times/wk | 45 min | 12 wk | NA |
| Ferrazzoli et al,26 2018 | 4 Sessions for 5 d plus 1 h of exercise on the 6th day | 60 min | 4 wk | NA | NA | NA | 6, 12, and 18 mo |
| Ferreira et al,22 2018 | 2 Times/wk | 30-40 min | 24 wk | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Frazzitta et al,46 2012 | 3 Times daily, 5 d/wk | 60 min | 4 wk | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Frisaldi et al,17 2021 | 3 Times/wk | 60 min | 5 wk | 3 Times/wk | 60 min | 5 wk | NA |
| de Oliveira Gondim et al,27 2017 | 3 Times/wk | Up to 1 h | 12 wk | 3 Times/wk | Up to 1 h | 12 wk | NA |
| Hirsch et al,47 2003 | 3 Times/wk | 15 min Resistance, 30 min balance | 10 wk | 3 Times/wk | 30 min | 10 wk | 4 wk |
| King et al,48 2015 | 3 Times/wk | 60 min | 6 wk | 3 Times/wk | 60 min | 6 wk | NA |
| Marchese et al,49 2000 | 3 Times/wk | 60 min | 6 wk | 3 Times/wk | 60 min | 6 wk | 6 wk |
| McGinley et al,50 2012 | 1 Time/wk | 120 min | 8 wk | 1 Times/wk | 120 min | 8 wk | NA |
| Modugno et al,51 2010 | 2 Consecutive days either 1 or 2 times per mo | 6 h | 3 y | 3 Times/wk | 2 to 3 h | 3 y | NA |
| Monticone et al,52 2015 | Daily | 90 min | 8 wk | Daily | 90 min | 8 wk | 12 mo |
| Morris et al,38 2017 | 2 Times/wk | 60 min | 6 wk | 2 Times/week | 60 min | 6 wk | 12 mo |
| Nieuwboer et al,53 2007 | 9 Sessions over 3 wk | 30 min | 3 wk | 9 Sessions over 3 wk | 30 min | 3 wk | 6 wk |
| Pazzaglia et al,34 2020 | 3 Times/wk | 40 min | 6 wk | 3 Times/wk | 40 min | 6 wk | NA |
| Pelosin et al,31 2018 | 2 Times/wk | 45 min | 5 wk | 2 Times/wk | 45 min | 5 wk | 4 wk |
| Pérez-de la Cruz,37 2018 | 2 Times/wk | 45 min | 11 wk | 2 Times/wk | 45 min | 11 wk | 4 wk |
| Qutubuddin et al,54 2007 | 2 Times/wk | 30 min | 4 wk | 2 Times/wk | 30 min | 4 wk | NA |
| Raciti et al,21 2022 | 6 Times/wk | 45 min for each arm (90 min total) | 8 wk | 6 Times/wk | 45 min | 8 wk | NA |
| San Martín Valenzuela et al,32 2020 | 2 Times/wk | 60 min | 10 wk | 2 Times/wk | 60 min | 10 wk | 8 wk |
| Chivers Seymour et al,35 2019 | 12 Sessions in 6 mo plus daily exercise | 1-1.5 h Supervised session, 30 min exercise | 72 wk | 1 Session on fall avoidance | NA | NA | 6 mo |
| Tamir et al,55 2007 | 2 Times/wk | 1 h | 12 wk | 2 Times/wk | 1 h | 12 wk | NA |
| Tickle-Degnen et al,56 2010 | 3 Times/wk | 90 min | 6 wk | 2 Times/wk | 90 min | 6 wk | 2 and 18 wk |
| van Nimwegen et al,57 2013 | Maximum of 35 sessions/y | NA | 12 mo | Maximum 35 sessions/y | NA | 12 mo | NA |
| Varalta et al,19 2021 | PT once weekly; cognitive once weekly | 50 min | 12 wk | 2 Times/wk | 50 min | 12 wk | NA |
| Vivas et al,58 2011 | 2 Times/wk | 45 min | 4 wk | 2 Times/wk | 45 min | 4 wk | 17 d |
| Volpe et al,59 2014 | 5 Times/wk | 60 min | 8 wk | 5 Times/wk | 60 min | 8 wk | NA |
| Volpe et al,41 2017 | 5 Times/wk | 60 min | 8 wk | 5 Times/wk | 60 min | 8 wk | 8 wk |
| Volpe et al,60 2013 | 1 Time/wk | 90 min | 24 wk | 1 Time/wk | 90 min | 24 wk | NA |
| Wade et al,61 2003 | 1 Time/wk | NA | 6 wk | 1 Time/wk | NA | 6 wk | NA |
| Wróblewska et al,42 2019 | 2 Times/wk | 60 min | 12 wk | NA | NA | NA | 3 mo |
Abbreviations: AT, aquatic therapy; NA, not available.