Table 1.
Summary of the study outcomes.
| Overall (N = 108) | Men (N = 31) | Women (N = 77) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immune fitness | 7.6 (1.2) | 7.8 (1.3) | 7.5 (1.2) | 0.338 |
| CRP (pg/ml) | 155.9 (193.7) | 142.9 (172.7) | 161.2 (202.5) | 0.631 |
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 174.3 (212.0) | 183.2 (243.4) | 170.7 (199.5) | 0.940 |
| IL-8 (pg/ml) | 232.1 (166.8) | 250.7 (174.0) | 224.5 (164.3) | 0.410 |
| IgA (pg/ml) | 61445.7 (31498.0) | 62438.2 (30357.9) | 61046.1 (32131.9) | 0.622 |
| Stress | 4.0 (2.7) | 3.3 (2.7) | 4.2 (2.7) | 0.133 |
| Anxiety | 1.8 (2.2) | 1.8 (2.0) | 1.9 (2.3) | 0.846 |
| Depression | 1.6 (2.0) | 2.0 (2.4) | 1.4 (1.9) | 0.240 |
| Fatigue | 4.6 (2.4) | 4.2 (2.4) | 4.8 (2.3) | 0.304 |
| Loneliness | 1.7 (2.2) | 1.7 (2.2) | 1.7 (2.2) | 0.955 |
| Hostile | 0.6 (1.4) | 1.1 (2.0) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.101 |
| Optimism | 6.3 (1.5) | 6.2 (1.4) | 6.4 (1.5) | 0.430 |
| Happiness | 6.6 (1.5) | 6.3 (1.9) | 6.8 (1.2) | 0.303 |
| Being active | 6.2 (1.6) | 6.2 (1.5) | 6.2 (1.6) | 0.659 |
| Mental resilience | 6.8 (1.2) | 6.9 (1.4) | 6.8 (1.1) | 0.649 |
| Quality of life | 7.5 (1.0) | 7.6 (1.0) | 7.5 (1.0) | 0.809 |
None of the differences between men and women was statistically significant. Abbreviations: CRP = c-reactive protein, IL = interleukin, IgA = Immunoglobulin A.