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Showing the surgical step that resulted in dural injury.
| Surgical instrument causing dural tear | No. of tears (Total: 44) |
|---|---|
| Kerrison rongeur | 24 |
| Electrocautery | 7 |
| Pituitary rongeur | 4 |
| Surgical blade | 2 |
| Curette | 2 |
| Dural retractor | 1 |
| Endoscopic disc forceps | 1 |
| High speed burr | 1 |
| Osteotome | 1 |
| Nibbler | 1 |
