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. 2023 Jul 22;23:784. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09761-5

Table 3.

Descriptive statistics of the sociodemographic variables of households in Spain based on the percentage of resources they dedicate to dental care payments. Year 2015

Total Threshold < 10% 10% ≤ Threshold < 20% 20% ≤ Threshold < 30% 30% ≤ Threshold < 40% Threshold ≥ 40%
Gender
 Male 66.25% 66.08% 68.24% 75.72% 73.37% 66.31%
 Female 33.75% 33.92% 31.76% 24.28% 26.63% 33.69%
Age of head of household (years)
 Less than or equal to 40 21.37% 21.69% 20.22% 14.64% 6.86% 8.65%
 41–64 47.34% 47.28% 49.07% 50.28% 57.57% 42.38%
 More than or equal to 65 31.29% 31.03% 30.71% 35.08% 35.57% 48.97%
Marital Status
 Married 54.02% 53.81% 59.75% 65.55% 56.43% 50.77%
 Single 22.85% 23.06% 22.05% 19.78% 11.18% 14.32%
 Separated / Divorced 10.21% 10.19% 8.82% 8.52% 10.54% 16.07%
 Widowed 12.92% 12.94% 9.38% 6.15% 21.85% 18.84%
Educational level
 Low level (Primary school incomplete, primary or equivalent) 19.80% 19.84% 14.88% 20.01% 23.66% 24.26%
 Middle level (Secondary school / middle level professional) 48.82% 48.61% 52.58% 46.41% 51.58% 58.71%
 University degree or equivalent (University degree or equivalent) 31.38% 31.55% 32.54% 33.58% 24.76% 17.03%
Activity Status
 Employed 56.78% 57.22% 56.17% 47.39% 43.87% 34.08%
 Unemployed 8.24% 8.28% 6.89% 10.35% 1.58% 8.48%
 Receiving earnings-related pension 29.22% 28.77% 31.72% 39.08% 46.64% 47.03%
 Other situations (homecare, student, etc.) 5.76% 5.73% 5.22% 3.18% 7.91% 10.41%
Household Monthly Income
 Low level (less than €1,200) 46.54% 46.38% 46.82% 44.24% 44.19% 61.77%
 Middle level (€1,200—€2,500) 39.98% 40.01% 39.24% 42.40% 48.17% 33.55%
 High level (more than €2,500) 13.48% 13.61% 13.94% 13.36% 7.64% 4.68%
GDP per capita
 Low 31.54% 31.69% 29.27% 30.82% 23.95% 27.60%
 Middle 28.60% 28.46% 31.56% 31.39% 40.58% 28.10%
 High 39.86% 39.85% 39.17% 37.79% 35.47% 44.30%
Place of residence Urban (Ref. Rural)
 Rural 14.37% 14.41% 12.86% 17.51% 9.89% 13.17%
 Urban 85.63% 85.59% 87.14% 82.49% 90.11% 86.83%
 N 22,054 21,000 472 194 124 264

Threshold: refers to the relationship between the out-of-pocket payment (in health care and/or in dental care) and the level of equivalent income of the household