Table 5.
Discriminant validity
| Dimension | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.CVE-CC | 2.433 | 0.894 | 0.811 | ||||||
| 2.CVE-TS | 2.448 | 0.859 | 0.721*** | 0.720 | |||||
| 3.EI-SEA | 3.676 | 0.660 | -0.265*** | -0.288*** | 0.778 | ||||
| 4.EI-OEA | 3.636 | 0.692 | -0.085** | -0.149*** | 0.521*** | 0.822 | |||
| 5.EI-UOE | 3.528 | 0.705 | -0.211*** | -0.218*** | 0.555*** | 0.477*** | 0.766 | ||
| 6.EI-ROE | 3.504 | 0.723 | -0.130*** | -0.211*** | 0.486*** | 0.382*** | 0.511*** | 0.802 | |
| 7.SPA | 2.887 | 0.694 | 0.235*** | 0.287*** | -0.162*** | -0.138*** | -0.199*** | -0.224*** | 0.603 |
n = 1154; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; M mean, SD standard deviation, CVE-CC catastrophic cognition, CVE-TS trauma symptoms, EI-SEA self-emotion appraisal, EI-OEA Others’ emotion appraisal, EI-UOE use of emotion, EI-ROE regulation of emotion, SPA smartphone addiction. The bold numbers in the diagonal are the square root of AVE (AVE = average variance extracted); numbers in the lower diagonal denote the correlation coefficients