Table 2.
Association of fatty acids concentration with coronary heart disease risk
| Fatty acids concentration | Fatty acids (mmol/L) | A. Adjusted for age and sex | B. Further adjusted for other confounders | C. Further mutually adjusted for other fatty acids | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline mean | Usual SD | HR (95% CI)* | LR χ2† | HR (95% CI)* | LR χ2† | HR (95% CI)* | LR χ2† | |
| SFA | 4.1 | 0.7 | 1.17 (1.14,1.21) | 107.9 | 1.13 (1.09,1.16) | 58.4 | 1.14 (1.09,1.20) | 31.1 |
| MUFA | 2.8 | 0.6 | 1.21 (1.18,1.24) | 159.2 | 1.14 (1.11,1.18) | 71.7 | 1.15 (1.10,1.21) | 38.9 |
| PUFA | ||||||||
| Omega-6 PUFA | 4.5 | 0.5 | 1.12 (1.08,1.15) | 44.3 | 1.11 (1.08,1.15) | 42.3 | 1.04 (0.99,1.09) | 2.2 |
| Linoleic acids | 3.5 | 0.5 | 1.11 (1.07,1.14) | 39.8 | 1.11 (1.08,1.15) | 42.7 | 1.03 (0.99,1.08) | 1.9 |
| Omega-3 PUFA | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.94 (0.91,0.98) | 11.3 | 0.99 (0.95,1.02) | 0.6 | 0.91 (0.87,0.94) | 23.5 |
| DHA | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.87 (0.84,0.90) | 64.3 | 0.94 (0.91,0.98) | 10.6 | 0.92 (0.88,0.95) | 19.9 |
Hazard ratio (HR) per usual SD higher level of each mean fatty acid concentration among 89,242 participants (usual SD was estimated by 1,053 resurveyed participants). *HRs were calculated by Cox proportional-hazards models with: (A) stratification by age and sex; (B) stratification by age and sex, and adjusted for ethnicity, education, region, Townsend Deprivation Index, body-mass index, smoking, and alcohol; (C) model B with further mutually adjusted for other fatty acids (as last row of each type of fatty acids in Fig. 1). †Likelihood ratio (LR) χ2 improvement with the addition of the given factors to the model with stated adjustments. SFA = Saturated fatty acids; MUFA = Monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA = Polyunsaturated fatty acids; DHA = Docosahexaenoic acid.