Table 1.

Summary of the effects of TE on livestock and poultry genes

Species	Superfamily	Gene	Targets	Trait	Ref.
Buffalo	LINE	ASIP	First intron	Coat color	[23]
Cattle	LTR	APOB	Exon	Cholesterol deficiency	[27]
Cattle	SINE	TP53	Promoter	Milk persistency	[28]
Cattle	LTR	IFNAR2	Enhancer	IFN immunity	[29]
Cattle	SINE	IL2RB	Enhancer	IFN immunity	[29]
Horse	LTR	TRPM1	First intron	Complex spotting	[30]
Horse	SINE/LINE	PYGM	Exon/intron	Exercise capability	[31]
Horse	SINE/LINE	BMAL1	Exon	Circadian rhythm	[32]
Horse	SINE	MSTN	Promoter	Speed and stamina	[33]
Pig	SINE	GHR	First intron	Skeletal accretion	[22]
Pig	SINE	PDIA4	First intron	Litter size	[34]
Pig	SINE	FSHb	First intron	Litter size	[35]
Pig	SINE	VRTN	First intron	Vertebral number	[36, 37]
Sheep	LINE	BMP2	Upstream	Fat tails	[38]