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. 2023 Jul 21;23:527. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04991-7

Table 3.

Table of themes and sub-themes

Themes Sub-themes
1. Others’ Misunderstanding of Mental Health Disorders and the Impact Misunderstanding has on Relationships

a. Hallmark/Typical Symptoms Associated with Depression

b. Understanding Acts as A Support System

2. Effects of Stigma on the Self and Wellbeing

a. Diagnosis and Self-Identity

b. Getting Out of the "Depressed Rut"—Self-reliance, Self-awareness, and Dispositional Optimism

3. Stigma Fosters Secrecy Versus Disclosure

a. Suffering in Silence – The Choice of Secrecy

b. Seeking Disclosure for Freedom

4. Stigma Increases Loneliness Driven by Avoidance of Social Contexts

a. Choosing to Spent Time Alone

b. Seeking Alone Time for Purpose

c. The Desire to Socialize