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. 2023 Jul 21;23:487. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08462-y

Table 4.

The main source of water used by the households in the six study districts of Uganda

Background characteristics Public taps or stand pipes,
% (95%CI)
Boreholes or tube wells,
% (95%CI)
Protected spring,
% (95%CI)
Protected dug well,
% (95%CI)
Surface source (dam, lake, river, stream, pond and canal),
% (95%CI)
Unprotected dug well,
% (95%CI)
Others,
% (95%CI)
Number of households (n)
Overall 39.1 (35.9—42.4) 32.9 (29.8—36.1) 2.7 (1.7—3.9) 2.3 (1.5—3.5) 16.8 (14.4—19.4) 3.4 (2.4—4.9) 2.8 (1.8—4.1) 900
District
 Busia 61.3 (53.0—69.2) 19.3 (13.3—26.6) 12.7 (7.8—19.1) 2.7 (0.1—6.7) 0 0.7 (0.02—3.7) 3.3 (1.1—7.6) 150
 Kasese 71.3 (63.4—78.4) 6.7 (3.2—11.9) 0 3.3 (1.1—7.6) 16 (10.5—22.7) 0.7 (0.02—3.7) 2 (0.4—5.7) 150
 Madi-Okollo 28 (21.0—35.9) 59.3 (51.0—67.3) 3.3 (1.1—7.6) 0.7 (0.02—3.7) 6.0 (2.8—11.1) 2 (0.4—5.7) 0.7 (0.02—3.7) 150
 Namayingo 8.7 (4.7—14.4) 27.3 (20.4—35.2) 0 0.7 (0.02—3.7) 48 (39.8—56.3) 8 (4.2—13.6) 7.3 (3.7—12.7) 150
 Ntoroko 38.0 (30.2—46.3) 20 (13.9—27.3) 0 6.7 (3.2—11.9) 26 (19.2—33.8) 9.3 (5.2—15.2) 0 150
 Obongi 27.3 (20.4—35.2) 64.7 (56.5—72.3) 0 0 4.7 (1.9—9.4) 0 3.3 (1.1—7.6) 150
Education
 No formal education 35.6 (27.3—45.1) 36.4 (28.1—45.9) 2.5 (0.5—7.1) 2.5 (0.5—7.1) 16.1 (9.8—23.6) 4.2 (1.4—9.5) 2.5 (0.5—7.1) 120
 Primary 34.2 (30.0—38.7) 36.8 (32.4—41.3) 2.7 (1.5—4.7) 2.5 (1.3—4.4) 17.8 (14.4—21.5) 3.2 (1.8—5.2) 2.7 (1.5—4.7) 473
 Secondary 44.7 (38.3—51.3) 26.6 (21.1—32.7) 2.5 (0.9—5.4) 1.7 (0.5—4.3) 17.3 (12.7—22.7) 3.8 (1.8—7.1) 3.4 (1.5—6.5) 237
 Post-Secondary 58.6 (46.2—70.2) 21.4 (12.5 -32.9) 2.9 (0.3—9.9) 2.9 (0.3—9.9) 10 (4.1—19.5) 2.9 (0.3—9.9) 1.4 (0.0—7.7) 70