. 2023 Jul 22;23:451. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04105-8

Table 4.

Agreement between physical frailty phenotypes: original assessment versus with self-reported substitutions

	Frailty defined by objective measures	Frailty defined by self-report^a measures	Kappa (95% CI)
Overall	Nonfrail (n = 2516)	2102 (83.6)^b, (72.4)^c	414 (16.5), (16.7)	0 (0.0), (0.0)	Kappa with Linear Weighting 0.56 (0.54–0.58) PABAK^d 0.68 (0.66–0.69)
(N = 5884)	Prefrail (n = 2870)	795 (27.7), (27.4)	1834 (63.9), (74.1)	241 (8.4), (47.9)
Frail (n = 498)	8 (1.6), (0.3)	228 (45.8), (9.2)	262 (52.6), (52.1)
Female		Nonfrail (n = 1493)	Prefrail (n = 1534)	Frail (n = 363)
(N = 3390)	Nonfrail (n = 1443)	1130 (78.3), (75.7)	313 (21.7), (20.4)	0 (0.0), (0.0)	Kappa with Linear Weighting 0.57 (0.55–0.59) PABAK 0.67 (0.66–0.69)
Prefrail (n = 1631)	358 (21.9), (24.0)	1097 (67.3), (71.5)	176 (10.8), (48.5)
Frail (n = 316)	5 (1.6), (0.3)	124 (39.2), (8.1)	187 (59.2), (51.5)
Male		Nonfrail (n = 1412)	Prefrail (n = 942)	Frail (n = 140)
(N = 2494)	Nonfrail (n = 1073)	972 (90.6), (68.8)	101 (9.4), (10.7)	0 (0.0), (0.0)	Kappa with Linear Weighting 0.55 (0.52–0.57) PABAK 0.68 (0.66–0.70)
Prefrail (n = 1239)	437 (35.3), (31.0)	737 (59.5), (78.2)	65 (5.3), (46.4)
Frail (n = 182)	3 (1.7), (0.2)	104 (57.1), (11.0)	75 (41.2), (53.6)

Frailty defined by objective measures

Frailty defined by self-report^a measures

Kappa (95% CI)

Nonfrail
(n = 2905)

Prefrail
(n = 2476)

Frail
(n = 503)

Overall

Nonfrail (n = 2516)

2102

(83.6)^b, (72.4)^c

414

(16.5), (16.7)

(0.0), (0.0)

Kappa with Linear Weighting

0.56

(0.54–0.58)

PABAK^d

0.68 (0.66–0.69)

(N = 5884)

Prefrail (n = 2870)

795

(27.7), (27.4)

1834

(63.9), (74.1)

241

(8.4), (47.9)

Frail (n = 498)

(1.6), (0.3)

228

(45.8), (9.2)

262

(52.6), (52.1)

Female

Nonfrail

(n = 1493)

Prefrail

(n = 1534)

Frail

(n = 363)

(N = 3390)

Nonfrail (n = 1443)

1130

(78.3), (75.7)

313

(21.7), (20.4)

(0.0), (0.0)

Kappa with Linear Weighting

0.57

(0.55–0.59)

PABAK

0.67 (0.66–0.69)

Prefrail (n = 1631)

358

(21.9), (24.0)

1097

(67.3), (71.5)

176

(10.8), (48.5)

Frail (n = 316)

(1.6), (0.3)

124

(39.2), (8.1)

187

(59.2), (51.5)

Male

Nonfrail

(n = 1412)

Prefrail

(n = 942)

Frail

(n = 140)

(N = 2494)

Nonfrail (n = 1073)

972

(90.6), (68.8)

101

(9.4), (10.7)

(0.0), (0.0)

Kappa with Linear Weighting

0.55

(0.52–0.57)

PABAK

0.68 (0.66–0.70)

Prefrail (n = 1239)

437

(35.3), (31.0)

737

(59.5), (78.2)

(5.3), (46.4)

Frail (n = 182)

(1.7), (0.2)

104

(57.1), (11.0)

(41.2), (53.6)

^aWeakness assessed by report of difficulty gripping with hands or transferring from a bed or chair; Slowness assessed by report of difficulty of walking one-half a mile

^bRow percentage

^cColumn percentage

^dPABAK: Prevalence and Bias Adjusted Kappa that assigns partial credit of 1/2 to misses by 1 category