Table 6.
Characteristics comparison across males judged frail by either method only or by botha
| Frail by self-report only (N = 82) | Frail by objective only (N = 98) | Frail by both (N = 84) |
P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (std) | 74.7 (6.5) | 77.6 (6.5) | 77.0 (6.7) | 0.009 |
| Education (years), mean (std) | 12.0 (5.1) | 12.9 (5.0) | 12.3 (5.2) | 0.524 |
| MMSE, mean (std) | 86.2 (7.3) | 85.5 (9.6) | 83.7 (11.9) | 0.262 |
| # of disease*, mean (std) | 2.2 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.4) | 2.4 (1.7) | 0.156 |
| Body Mass Index, mean (std) | 26.3 (4.1) | 26.0 (3.9) | 26.3 (4.5) | 0.849 |
| Race(black), n (%) | 16 (19.5) | 25 (25.5) | 16 (19.1) | 0.492 |
| Marriage, n (%) | 0.480 | |||
| Married | 64 (78.1) | 74 (75.5) | 56 (66.7) | |
| Widowed | 13 (15.9) | 15 (15.3) | 19 (22.6) | |
| Separated/divorced/never married | 5 (6.1) | 9 (9.2) | 9 (10.7) | |
| # of depressive symptoms, mean (std) | 7.3 (5.3) | 6.4 (4.5) | 9.0 (6.1) | 0.004 |
| Income | 0.740 | |||
| < $16,000 | 39 (50.6) | 44 (47.3) | 35 (43.8) | |
| $16,000–35,000 | 26 (33.8) | 29 (31.2) | 31 (38.7) | |
| > $35,000 | 12 (15.6) | 20 (21.5) | 14 (17.5) | |
| Health status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| excellent | 2 (2.5) | 3 (3.1) | 0 (0) | |
| very good | 4 (5.0) | 11 (11.2) | 9 (10.7) | |
| good | 28 (35.0) | 46 (46.9) | 21 (25.0) | |
| fair | 26 (32.5) | 36 (36.7) | 29 (34.5) | |
| poor | 20 (25.0) | 2 (2.0) | 25 (29.8) | |
| Cancer, n (%) | 15 (18.3) | 17 (17.4) | 10 (12.1) | 0.471 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 14 (17.1) | 8 (8.2) | 18 (21.4) | 0.038 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 17 (20.7) | 16 (16.3) | 21 (25.0) | 0.351 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 27 (32.9) | 25 (25.5) | 34 (40.5) | 0.099 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 56 (68.3) | 54 (55.7) | 58 (70.7) | 0.086 |
| Diabetics, n (%) | 29 (35.4) | 48 (49.5) | 31 (38.3) | 0.120 |
| Angina, n (%) | 22 (26.8) | 21 (21.4) | 29 (34.5) | 0.141 |
aWeakness self-reported substitution = transferring, gripping and lifting
*For continuous variables, ANOVA was used to calculate and for categorical variables, Chi-square test was used