Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants at enrollment (previous trial n = 97 and additional trial n = 36)
| Total | CN | MCIa | AD dementia | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | 133 (100.0) | 71 (53.4) | 41 (30.8) | 21 (15.8) |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 74.0 (71.0 to 78.0) | 74.0 (71.0 to 78.0) | 74.0 (68.5 to 77.0) | 76.0 (72.5 to 82.0) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, n (%) | ||||
| < 25 (normal) | 87 (65.4) | 46 (64.8) | 25 (61.0) | 16 (76.2) |
| ≥ 25 (overweight or obese) | 46 (34.6) | 25 (35.2) | 16 (39.0) | 5 (23.8) |
| Sex, female (%) | 68 (51.1) | 36 (52.9) | 22 (53.7) | 10 (47.6) |
| Education, years, median (IQR) | 12.0 (6.0 to 14.0) | 9.0 (6.0 to 12.5) | 12.0 (6.0 to 13.0) | 10.0 (6.0 to 16.0) |
| Household income, n (%) | ||||
| Low (1–29 percentile) | 30 (22.6) | 12 (16.9) | 11 (26.8) | 7 (33.3) |
| Middle (30–69 percentile) | 58 (43.6) | 30 (42.3) | 20 (48.8) | 8 (38.1) |
| High (70–100 percentile) | 45 (33.8) | 29 (40.8) | 10 (24.4) | 6 (28.6) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Never or ex-smoker | 127 (95.5) | 68 (95.8) | 40 (97.6) | 19 (90.5) |
| Current smoker | 6 (6.0) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (0.9) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 53 (39.8) | 32 (45.1) | 12 (29.3) | 9 (42.9) |
| 1 | 50 (37.6) | 26 (52.0) | 18 (36.0) | 6 (28.6) |
| ≥ 2 | 30 (22.6) | 13 (18.3) | 11 (26.8) | 6 (28.6) |
| APOE4 carrier, n (%) | 59 (44.3) | 17 (23.9) | 29 (70.7) | 13 (61.9) |
| Mini-Mental State Examination score, median (IQR) | 27.0 (24.0 to 28.0) | 28.0 (27.0 to 29.0) | 26.0 (24.0 to 28.0) | 21.0 (16.0 to 24.0) |
| Cognitive measure, composite z score, mean (SD) | ||||
| SNSB attention score | − 0.32 (0.96) | − 0.01 (0.90) | − 0.60 (0.85) | − 0.90 (0.95) |
| SNSB language and related function score | 0.07 (1.49) | 0.55 (0.66) | − 0.01 (1.13) | − 1.96 (2.91) |
| SNSB visuospatial function score | 0.21 (2.34) | 0.96 (0.72) | 0.19 (1.58) | − 2.38 (4.62) |
| SNSB memory score | − 0.36 (1.70) | 0.65 (0.99) | − 0.97 (1.48) | − 2.70 (1.15) |
| SNSB frontal/executive function score | − 0.26 (2.01) | 0.56 (0.78) | − 0.66 (1.02) | − 2.33 (1.43) |
| Amyloid PET, standard uptake value ratio, mean (SD) | 1.16 (0.29) | 1.06 (0.30) | 1.25 (0.25) | 1.35 (0.23) |
| Hippocampal volume, cm3, mean (SD) | 7.25 (1.28) | 7.67 (0.95) | 7.04 (1.43) | 6.18 (1.26) |
Abbreviations: AD Alzheimer’s disease, CN Cognitively normal, IQR Interquartile range, MCI Mild cognitive impairment, SD Standard deviation, SNSB Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery, APOE4 apolipoprotein E, PET Positron emission tomography
aThe diagnostic criteria for MCI were based on the Jak/Bondi comprehensive criteria