Table 1.

The abbreviation and definition of landmarks used in the study

Landmark	Abbreviations	Definition
Posterotragion	pt’	Most posterior point on the tragus
Alare	al’	The most lateral point on the nasal alar
Exocanthion	ex’	Most lateral point of the palpebral fissure, at the outer commissure of the eye; best seen when subject is gazing upward
Cheilion	ch’	Outer corners of the mouth where the outer edges of the upper and lower vermilions meet
Chin foot point	cf’	Through ch’ draw a line perpendicular to the lower border of mandible; The intersection point is cf’

The upper corner maker (’) refers to Capulometric landmarks (on soft tissue) apart from Craniometric landmarks (on skull)