Table 2.
Associations between DII and dementia (n = 166,377)
| Dietary inflammatory index | P for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First quartile | Second quartile | Third quartile | Fourth quartile | Continuesa | ||
| All-cause dementia | ||||||
| Number of cases/person-years | 379/402,956 | 335/401,756 | 309/402,313 | 349/408,661 | ||
| Model 1b | 1 (reference) | 1.026 (0.882–1.193) 0.739 | 1.019 (0.868, 1.196) 0.819 | 1.261 (1.064, 1.496) 0.008 | 1.048 (1.014, 1.083) 0.005 | 0.015 |
| Model 2c | 1 (reference) | 1.033 (0.888–1.201) 0.673 | 1.019 (0.868–1.197) 0.817 | 1.239 (1.044–1.471) 0.014 | 1.044 (1.010–1.079) 0.010 | 0.027 |
| Model 3d | 1 (reference) | 1.038 (0.892–1.207) 0.630 | 1.026 (0.874–1.205) 0.751 | 1.249 (1.052–1.483) 0.011 | 1.046 (1.012–1.081) 0.008 | 0.021 |
| Alzheimer's dementia (AD) | ||||||
| Number of cases/person-years | 160/403,466 | 141/402,088 | 110/402,733 | 132/409,079 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 1.012 (0.802–1.277) 0.921 | 0.848 (0.655–1.097) 0.210 | 1.114 (0.850–1.458) 0.434 | 1.019 (0.967–1.074) 0.473 | 0.755 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 1.030 (0.816–1.300) 0.803 | 0.867 (0.669–1.122) 0.278 | 1.140 (0.870–1.495) 0.342 | 1.024 (0.972–1.079) 0.369 | 0.629 |
| Model 3 | 1 (reference) | 1.036 (0.821–1.308) 0.763 | 0.875 (0.676–1.133) 0.312 | 1.153 (0.879–1.512) 0.303 | 1.026 (0.974–1.081) 0.336 | 0.570 |
| Vascular dementia (VD) | ||||||
| Number of cases/person-years | 76/403,621 | 68/402,281 | 60/402,842 | 63/409,237 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 1.008 (0.721–1.410) 0.962 | 0.928 (0.647–1.330) 0.683 | 1.029 (0.697–1.520) 0.886 | 0.996 (0.924–1.073) 0.911 | 0.983 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 1.003 (0.717–1.404) 0.984 | 0.907 (0.631–1.302) 0.595 | 0.962 (0.650–1.426) 0.848 | 0.982 (0.912–1.058) 0.639 | 0.741 |
| Model 3 | 1 (reference) | 1.011 (0.722–1.415) 0.949 | 0.916 (0.638–1.315) 0.633 | 0.972 (0.656–1.441) 0.889 | 0.984 (0.914–1.060) 0.675 | 0.782 |
| Frontotemporal dementia | ||||||
| Number of cases/person-years | 18/403,730 | 12/402,346 | 12/402,934 | 12/409,332 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 0.776 (0.366–1.642) 0.506 | 0.849 (0.389–1.853) 0.682 | 0.944 (0.404–2.204) 0.894 | 0.944 (0.801–1.113) 0.493 | 0.883 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 0.780 (0.369–1.650) 0.516 | 0.852 (0.390–1.862) 0.689 | 0.931 (0.396–2.190) 0.870 | 0.941 (0.798–1.109) 0.469 | 0.858 |
| Model 3 | 1 (reference) | 0.780 (0.368–1.649) 0.515 | 0.853 (0.390–1.865) 0.691 | 0.934 (0.397–2.199) 0.877 | 0.941 (0.798–1.110) 0.470 | 0.865 |
| Other types of dementia | ||||||
| Number of cases/person-years | 141/403,456 | 136/402,156 | 140/402,696 | 161/409,071 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 1.136 (0.892–1.446) 0.301 | 1.262 (0.984–1.620) 0.067 | 1.583 (1.214–2.063) < 0.001 | 1.103 (1.049–1.161) < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 1.138 (0.894–1.450) 0.293 | 1.250 (0.973–1.605) 0.081 | 1.530 (1.172–1.998) 0.002 | 1.095 (1.040–1.152) < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Model 3 | 1 (reference) | 1.142 (0.896–1.454) 0.283 | 1.256 (0.978–1.613) 0.075 | 1.539 (1.178–2.010) 0.002 | 1.096 (1.041–1.153) < 0.001 | 0.001 |
Results were presented HR and 95% CI. First quartile: − 6.602 < DII ≤ − 1.799; second quartile: − 1.799 < DII ≤ − 0.395; third quartile: − 0.395 < DII ≤ 0.985; fourth quartile: 0.985 < DII ≤ 5.452. Italics represents P-value < 0.05
aHazard ratio for per increase of 1 in DII
bModel 1 was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, Townsend deprivation index, and energy intake
cModel 2 was further adjusted for diabetes, blood pressure status, drinking status, smoking status, body mass index, and physical activity
dModel 3 was adjusted for the same variables as in Model 2 and further for family history of dementia