Table 2.
Clinical, treatment and laboratory differences in patients with and without coronary artery disease determined by electrocardiogram
| Demographic data | N = 11 | N = 123 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Males, n (%) | 8 (72.7) | 46 (37.4) | 0.022 |
| Age (years) | 57.55 ± 8.99 | 55.54 ± 9.65 | 0.448 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 42.55 ± 8.89 | 43.15 ± 10.71 | 0.780 |
| Known duration of diabetes (years) | 12.64 ± 8.43 | 12.65 ± 8.38 | 0.318 |
| Years of school attendance | 9.73 ± 3.74 | 9.54 ± 4.58 | 0.594 |
| Self-reported color-race (white/non-white), n (%) | 54.5/45.5 | 39/71 | 0.315 |
| Positive family history (FH) | |||
| FH of type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 10 (90.9) | 86 (69.9) | 0.139 |
| FH of obesity, n (%) | 5 (45.5) | 56 (45.5) | 0.996 |
| FH of hypertension, n (%) | 9 (81.8) | 91 (74.0) | 0.567 |
| FH of premature CAD, n (%) | 3 (27.3) | 48 (39.0) | 0.442 |
| Anthropometric data | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.77 ± 6.24 | 30.54 ± 5.11 | 0.932 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 137.18 ± 17.56 | 132.25 ± 16.00 | 0.260 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.27 ± 11.02 | 78.73 ± 9.61 | 0.290 |
| Waist (cm) | 99.18 ± 15.60 | 99.60 ± 1.05 | 0.955 |
| WHR (cm) | 0.98 ± 0.13 | 0.97 ± 0.09 | 0.894 |
| Classic cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 9 (81.8) | 93(75.6) | 0.644 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 11 (100) | 106 (86.2) | 0.187 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 9 (7.3) | 0.830 |
| Sedentary lifestyle, n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 90 (73.2) | 0.189 |
| Current alcohol consumption, n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 52 (42.3) | 0.703 |
| Treatment data | |||
| Basal insulin, n (%) | 8 (72.7) | 66 (53.7) | 0.234 |
| Metformin, n (%) | 11 (100) | 115 (93.5) | 0.414 |
| Statins, n (%) | 11 (100) | 95 (77.2) | 0.075 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 9 (81.8) | 93 (75.6) | 0.644 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 5 (45.5) | 42 (34.1) | 0.502 |
| Diabetes-related chronic complications | |||
| Retinopathy, yes, n (%) | 7 (63.6) | 36 (29.3) | 0.022 |
| Diabetic renal Disease (GFR < 60 ml/min), n (%) | 3 (27.27) | 17 (13.8) | 0.247 |
| Neuropathy (self-reported of symptoms), n (%) | 5 (81.8) | 55 (45.8) | 0.385 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 186 (129) | 142 (101) | 0.134 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.78 ± 1.83 | 7.96 ± 1.67 | 0.146 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 225.73 ± 72.23 | 187.44 ± 54.81 | 0.109 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 228 (469) | 160 (116) | 0.026 |
| HDLc (mg/dl) | 58.79 ± 1.41 | 59.31 ± 1.87 | 0.920 |
| Non-HDLc (mg/dl) | 168.9 ± 73.46 | 133.96 ± 54.49 | 0.182 |
| LDLc (mg/dl) | 105.00 ± 49.75 | 95.55 ± 4.22 | 0.383 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 7.98 ± 3.30 | 6.15 ± 2.11 | 0.061 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 5.28 ± 1.17 | 4.75 ± 0.99 | 0.112 |
| Albuminuria (mg/g) | 26.81 ± 2.19 | 37.32 ± 6.48 | 0.071 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median and interquartile range(IQR)
FH family history, CAD coronary artery disease, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, WHR waist to hip ratio, GFR glomerular filtration rate, HDLc high density cholesterol, LDLc low density cholesterol, CRP C protein, CIMT carotid intima-media thickness, IMT intima-media thickness, FRS Framingham risk score, VA vascular age, EF ejection fraction