Table 1.
Level of evidence, risk of bias, and baseline characteristics of studies included.
| Study | Study design, level of evidence | Risk of bias | Number of patients (males, females) | Number of knees | Mean patient age (years) | Follow-up duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malecki et al., 201628 | Case control, 3 | Some concerns | 56 (12, 44) | Group 1: 32 | 14 | 5.6 years |
| Group 2: 33 | ||||||
| Leite et al., 202132 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 25 (3, 22) | 31 | 28.7 | 2.62 years |
| Sadigursky et al., 201733 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 7 (4, 3) | 7 | 11.28 | 1 year |
| Akgün et al., 201020 | Case series, 4 | NFT | 16 (11, 5) | 17 | 25 | 2.6 years |
| Ahmad et al., 20099 | Non-interventional anatomical study, 2b | Low | 51 (24, 27) | 51 | 24.2 | NA |
| Hiemstra et al., 202131 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 38 (11, 27) | 76 | 24.7 | NA |
| Zimmermann et al., 201930 | Non-interventional anatomical study, 2b | Low | RDPAT: 78 (35, 43) | 113 | RDPAT: 22 | NA |
| Control: 35 (16, 19) | Control: 31 | |||||
| Wang et al., 201034 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | Group 1: 28 (10, 18) | 69 | Group 1: 29 | 3.5 years |
| Group 2: 41 (20, 21) | Group 2: 31 | |||||
| Torkaman et al., 201535 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 15 (6, 9) | 15 | 26.5 | 1 year |
| Xu and Zhao, 201121 | Case series, 4 | NFT | 28 (5, 23) | 28 | 14.7 | 4.8 years |
| Ma et al., 201216 | Cohort study, 2b | Some concerns | Group 1: 29 (13, 16) | Group 1: 29 | Group 1: 13 | 50 months |
| Group 2: 32 (12, 20) | Group 2: 32 | Group 2: 14 | ||||
| Fink et al., 201436 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 17 (7, 10) | 17 | 21.5 | 12 months |
| Smith et al., 201225 | Case series, 4 | Low | 5 (0, 5) | 10 | 26.6 | NA |
| Song et al., 201437 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 20 (10, 10) | 20 | 21 | 34.5 months |
| Ellera Gomes et al., 200438 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 15 (4, 11) | 16 | 26.7 | 5 years |
| Ntagiopoulos et al., 201339 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 27 (14, 13) | 31 | 21 | 7 years |
| Beckert et al., 201640 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 17 | 19 (18, 1) | 29.5 | 2 years |
| Calanna et al., 201641 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 19 (12, 7) | 19 | 25.5 | 22 months |
| Fadel and Hosni, 202027 | Case series, 4 | Low | 34 (5, 29) | 34 | 19.4 | 28.7 months |
| Yang et al., 201723 | Case series, 4 | NFT | 12 | 12 | NR | 16.4 months |
| Watanabe et al., 200819 | Case series, 4 | NFT | 40 | Group 1: 29 | NR | 4.3 years |
| Group 2: 13 | ||||||
| Elbarbary et al., 202042 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 7 (2, 5) | 7 | 23.7 | 18.8 months |
| Kang et al., 201443 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 45 (18, 27) | 45 | 26.6 | 33.7 months |
| Niu et al., 201726 | Case series, 4 | Low | 30 (10, 20) | 30 | 25 | 4 years |
| Chen et al., 201522 | Case series, 4 | NFT | 28 (4, 24) | 28 | 21.8 | 41.8 months |
| Li et al., 201817 | Case series, 4 | NFT | 28 (6, 22) | 32 | 21 | 6 months |
| Camathias et al., 201644 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 44 (14, 30) | 50 | 15.6 | 2 years |
| Mochizuki et al., 201918 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 24 (6, 18) | 24 | 25.4 | 2 years |
| Mahmoud et al., 202145 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 10 | 10 | 26 | 19.4 months |
| Kumahashi et al., 201646 | Cohort study, 2b | Some concerns | 15 (3, 12) | 17 | 22 | 45 months |
| Hiemstra et al., 202124 | Case series, 4 | High | 89 | 98 | NR | 2 years |
| Kumahashi et al., 201229 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 5 (2, 3) | 5 | 13.6 | 27.8 months |
| Schöttle et al. 200547 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 12 (4, 8) | 15 | 30.1 | 47 months |
| Kita et al., 201248 | Case series, 4 | Some concerns | 24 (6, 18) | 25 | 22.7 | 13.2 months |