Table 2.
Stability and PAT outcomes following different surgical interventions.
| Study | Intervention | Pre-operative patella stability score | Post-operative patella stability score | Pre-operative PAT | Post-operative PAT | Stability outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malecki et al., 201628 | Group 1: MPFL reconstruction Group 2: Combination of: retinacular plasty, vastus medialis advancement, and Roux-Goldthwait procedure |
NR | Group 1: Kujala score: 90.8 Lysholm score: 89.8 Group 2: Kujala score: 85 Lysholm score: 84.2 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | 6 patients in group 1 (19%) and 6 in group 2 (18%) noted a positive PAT | Group 1: 3 dislocations noted Group 2: 4 dislocations noted |
| Leite et al., 202132 | Tibial tubercle osteotomy with concomitant distalization and MPFL reconstruction | Kujala score: 52 | Kujala score: 77 | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT pre-operatively | J-sign improved in 30 cases (97%). One case (3%) of recurrent instability was reported |
| Sadigursky et al., 201733 | MPFL and medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction | Kujala score: 42.57 Lysholm score: 33.71 |
Kujala score: 88.57 Lysholm score: 87.71 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | J-sign was noted in 6 patients pre-operatively (85.7%), compared to 1 post-operatively (14.3%) |
| Akgün et al., 201020 | Fulkerson osteotomy | NR | Kujala score: 82.6 | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | PAT was negative in 14 knees (82.4%), and positive in three (17.6%) | Subluxation was noted in 2 knees (11.8%). Patellar tilt and subluxation were corrected in all but two knees. |
| Wang et al., 201049 | Group 1 (MPFLR): 28 Group 2 (MPFLR and vastus medialis advancement): 41 |
Kujala score: Group 1: 51.3 Group 2: 53.7 |
Kujala score: Group 1: 79.9 Group 2: 83.9 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | Group 1: 20 had a negative PAT (71.4%) Group 2: 38 had a negative PAT (92.7%) |
Recurrent dislocation was not reported in any patient post-operatively |
| Torkaman et al., 201535 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 59.8 | Kujala score: 88.6 | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | NR |
| Xu and Zhao, 201121 | Arthroscopic medial retinaculum plication | Kujala score: 66.7 Lysholm score: 52.6 |
Kujala score: 76.6 Lysholm score: 70.7 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively. | At 2 years follow-up, 12 demonstrated a positive PAT (42.9%). | Six patients suffered from redislocation (21.4%), and 23 patients experienced patella instability (82.1%). |
| Ma et al., 201216 | Group 1: Medial capsule reefing Group 2: Medial patellar retinaculum plasty |
Kujala score: Group 1: 52.3 Group 2: 53.5 |
Kujala score: Group 1: 78.1 Group 2: 82.2 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | Group 1: 20 patients had a negative PAT (68.9%) Group 2: 30 patients had a negative PAT (93.8%) |
Medial retinacular plasty was better than medial capsule reefing in decreasing the rate of patellar dislocation |
| Fink et al., 201436 | MPFLR | Kujala score: NR Lysholm score: 69.5 |
Kujala score: 89.2 Lysholm score: 88.1 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | Fifteen patients had a negative PAT (88.2%) | No dislocation during the follow-up period |
| Song et al., 201437 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 52.6 Lysholm score: 49.2 |
Kujala score: 90.9 Lysholm score: 90.9 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | Nineteen patients had a negative PAT (95%) | No patient experience a redislocation |
| Ellera Gomes et al., 200438 | MPFLR | NR | NR | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | Fifteen patients had a negative PAT (93.8%) | Patellar tracking was normal in 14 knees (87.5%) |
| Ntagiopoulos et al., 201339 | Sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty | Kujala score: 59 | Kujala score: 87 | PAT was positive in 30 knees (96.7%) | PAT was positive in 6 knees (19.4%) PAT was negative in 25 knees (80.6%) |
No recurrence was observed |
| Beckert et al., 201640 | Lateral patellofemoral ligament reconstruction | NR | NR | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No recurrence of patellar instability was observed |
| Calanna et al., 201641 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 65.2 Lysholm score: 64.3 |
Kujala score: 94.7 Lysholm score: 94.7 |
PAT was positive in 17 patients (89%) | PAT was positive in 2 cases (11%) | No recurrence of patellar dislocation was reported |
| Fadel and Hosni, 202027 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 69.5 | Kujala score: 94.8 | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No recurrence of patellar dislocation was reported |
| Yang et al., 201723 | MPFLR | NR | NR | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No recurrence of patellar dislocation was reported |
| Watanabe et al., 200819 | Group 1: MPFLR Group 2: MPFLR + tibial tubercle transfer |
Lysholm score: Group 1: 70 Group 2: 72 |
Lysholm score: Group 1: 92 Group 2: 90 |
Group 1: 28 had a positive PAT (97%) Group 2: 11 had a positive PAT (92%) |
Group 1: 6 had a positive PAT (21%) Group 2: 4 had a positive PAT (31%) |
NR |
| Elbarbary et al., 202042 | MPFLR | Tegner-Lysholm score: 63 | Tegner-Lysholm score: 89.2 | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No redislocations were reported |
| Kang et al., 201443 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 52.4 Lysholm score: 51.8 |
Kujala score: 90.9 Lysholm score: 91.7 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No redislocations were reported |
| Niu et al., 201726 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 58.9 Lysholm score: 53.3 |
Kujala score: 92 Lysholm score: 91.6 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No redislocations were reported |
| Chen et al., 201522 | Tibial tubercle internal rotation | Kujala score: 56.9 Lysholm score: 51.6 |
Kujala score: 89.0 Lysholm score: 89.0 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No redislocations were reported |
| Li et al., 201817 | Lateral retinacular release and MPFLR | Lysholm score: 68.3 | Lysholm score: 92.9 | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No redislocations were reported |
| Camathias et al., 201644 | Trochleoplasty | Kujala score: 71 | Kujala score: 92 | Positive PAT in 41 knees (82%) | Positive PAT in 8 knees (16%) | One patella dislocated post-operatively (2%) |
| Mochizuki et al., 201918 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 50.9 | Kujala score: 93.7 | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | One patient had a positive PAT (4.2%) | No redislocations were reported |
| Mahmoud et al., 202145 | MPFLR | Lysholm score: 59 | Lysholm score: 80.2 | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No redislocations were reported |
| Kumahashi et al., 201646 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 72.2 Lysholm score: 67.8 |
Kujala score: 96.4 Lysholm score: 96.2 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | One patient had a positive PAT post-operatively (5.9%) | No redislocations were reported |
| Kumahashi et al., 201229 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 67.4 Lysholm score: 64.4 |
Kujala score: 95.4 Lysholm score: 96.0 |
All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | All patients had a negative PAT post-operatively | No redislocations were reported |
| Schöttle et al. 200547 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 53.3 | Kujala score: 85.7 | Fourteen knees had a positive PAT (93%) | Three knees remained with a positive PAT (20%) | 86.7% reported to recurrent instability |
| Kita et al., 201248 | MPFLR | Kujala score: 73 | Kujala score: 95 | All patients had a positive PAT pre-operatively | 22 knees had a negative PAT (88%) | Patellar maltracking was corrected in all patients |