Table 3.
Characteristics of the participants according to the quartiles of DII
| Variables | Q1 < -2.02 |
Q2 -2.02, -1.02 |
Q3 -1.03, 0.25 |
Q4 ≥ 0.26 |
P Trend* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 42.12 ± 8.41 | 43.21 ± 8.30 | 44.09 ± 8.09 | 46.10 ± 7.85 | < 0.001 | |
| Weight (kg) | 67.66 ± 13.62 | 69.37 ± 9.44 | 74.65 ± 11.01 | 77.16 ± 13.78 | < 0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.22 ± 5.24 | 28.63 ± 4.86 | 29.87 ± 4.55 | 29.92 ± 4.77 | < 0.001 | |
| WC (cm) | 97.10 ± 12.14 | 98.84 ± 10.82 | 99.10 ± 10.41 | 101.58 ± 11.40 | 0.005 | |
| TC (mg/dl) | 182.74 ± 23.71 | 183.12 ± 32.13 | 187.35 ± 37.63 | 192.66 ± 28.17 | < 0.001 | |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 97.32 ± 29.59 | 101.79 ± 26.34 | 103.54 ± 26.23 | 105.17 ± 25.46 | < 0.001 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 51.44 ± 11.2 | 50.31 ± 10.74 | 46.6 ± 11.44 | 44.24 ± 11.42 | < 0.001 | |
| TG (mg/dl) | 128.25 ± 70.43 | 129.09 ± 68.04 | 130.11 ± 27.14 | 130.45 ± 86.52 | 0.166 | |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 95.03 ± 25.31 | 95.19 ± 29.44 | 96.23 ± 30.02 | 96.42 ± 29.53 | 0.852 | |
|
Smoking% (CI 95%) |
No | 91.64 (88.29 to 94.10) | 94.28 (91.89 to 96) | 95.22 (93.69 to 96.39) | 96.03 (95.19 to 96.72) | 0.001** |
| Current | 4.46 (2.75 to 7.16) | 1.97 (1.06 to 3.63) | 1.63 (1.01 to 2.64) | 1.31 (0.93 to 1.84) | ||
| Former | 3.90 (2.32 to 6.48) | 3.75 (2.40 to 5.80) | 3.15 (2.23 to 4.45) | 2.66 (2.10 to 3.37) | ||
| Total calorie intake (Kcal/d) | 1877.52 ± 131.39 | 1934.95 ± 186.34 | 2079.93 ± 144.49 | 2135.58 ± 175.58 | < 0.001 | |
| Carbohydrate (Kcal/d) | 1287.16 ± 96.43 | 1286.82 ± 104.16 | 1289.33 ± 61.42 | 1294.74 ± 61.40 | 0.8974 | |
| Fat (Kcal/d) | 439.64 ± 44.13 | 443.18 ± 22.52 | 448.68 ± 27.62 | 449.06 ± 32.77 | 0.0725 | |
| Protein (Kcal/d) | 150.52 ± 14.06 | 204.88 ± 19.10 | 341.32 ± 13.49 | 391.78 ± 22.09 | < 0.001 | |
| Fiber (g/d) | 32.87 ± 2.61 | 24.86 ± 4.05 | 18.97 ± 3.27 | 10.07 ± 1.13 | < 0.001 | |
Note: Values are presented as the mean ± SD for variables with normal distribution or median (interquartile) for variables without normal distribution. Q: quartile, BMI: body Mass Index, WC: waist circumference, LDL-C: low density lipoprotein, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein, TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, FBS: fasting blood sugar, E: energy percent. * P-value was obtained by the One-way ANOVA test between quartiles (the fourth quartile compared to the first quartile) and P < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. ** P-value was obtained by chi-square test.