Table 7.

Socio-demographic factors as determinants of anaemia

Variable	Total	Anaemia, No, Freq (%)	Anaemia, Yes, Freq (%)	Test statistics
Status of residential community				X2 = 7.9; p = 0.005
Rural	300	67 (22.3)	233 (77.7)
Peri-urban	70	27 (38.6)	43 (61.4)
Education				X2 = 1.9; p = 0.587
No education	77	18 (23.4)	59 (76.6)
Primary school	154	40 (26.0)	114 (74.0)
Junior High School	109	31 (28.4)	78 (71.6)
Secondary/vocational school or above	30	5 (16.7)	25 (83.3)
Religion				X2 = 0.2; p = 0.618
Christianity	53	12 (22.6)	41 (77.4)
Islam	317	82 (25.9)	235 (74.1)
Ethnicity				X2 = 0.0; p = 0.985
Dagomba	366	93 (25.4)	273 (74.6)
Others	4	1 (25.0)	3 (75.0)
Fathers’ occupation				X2 = 4.4; p = 0.111
Farmer	314	74 (23.6)	240 (76.4)
Trader	27	11 (40.7)	16 (59.3)
Others	29	9 (31.0)	20 (69.0)
Mothers’ occupation				X2 = 2.3; p = 0.318
Farmer	194	43 (22.2)	151 (77.8)
Trader	153	44 (28.8)	109 (71.2)
Others	23	7 (30.4)	16 (69.6)
Fathers’ education				X2 = 8.4; p = 0.039
No education	296	66 (22.3)	230 (77.7)
Primary school	27	9 (33.3)	18 (66.7)
Junior High School	17	6 (35.3)	11 (64.7)
Secondary/vocational School or above	30	13 (43.3)	17 (56.7)
Mothers’ education				X2 = 0.7; p = 0.873
No education	322	83 (25.8)	239 (74.2)
Primary school	21	5 (23.8)	16 (76.2)
Junior High School	17	3 (17.6)	14 (82.4)
Secondary/vocational school or above	10	3 (30.0)	7 (70.0)
Household size				X2 = 3.3; p = 0.343
3–6	92	19 (20.7)	73 (79.3)
7–10	184	52 (28.3)	132 (71.7)
11–14	47	9 (19.1)	38 (80.9)
15+	47	14 (29.8)	33 (70.2)
Perceived socio-economic status				X2 = 0.5; p = 0.785
Low	239	62 (25.9)	177 (74.1)
Middle	110	28 (25.5)	82 (74.5)
High	21	4 (19.0)	17 (81.0)
Respondent has a mobile phone				X2 = 0.0; p = 0.864
No	313	79 (25.2)	234 (74.8)
Yes	57	15 (26.3)	42 (73.7)