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. 2023 Jun;52(6):1238–1247. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v52i6.12990

Table 3:

The influence of sociodemographic factors on the level of hope in women with breast cancer

Variables Mean±SD(HHI) p
Age R*=−0.125, P=0.295
Education level Elementary school 35.56±3.5 F**=0.783, P=0.540
Secondary school 38.20±6.29
Higher education school < 4 years 39.4±2.40
University/college ≥ 4 years 39.0±7.74
Marital status Married 38.04±6.04 F=0.474, P=0.754
Unmarried 34.20±6.05
In a relationship 41.25±3.95
Divorced 39.00±6.0
Widowed
Work status Permanent employment 40.9±4.79 F=0.829, P=0.512
Unemployed 37.75±7.27
Retired 38.21±4.67
Other 38.29±5.66
Monthly income Less than 30.000 RSD 40.1±13 F=0.165, P=0.955
From 30.000 to 50.000 RSD 39.50±5.8
More than 50.000 RSD 41.78±5.33
Place of residence City 39.64±5.25 F=0.872, P=0.423
Suburban settlement 35.29±6.79
Village 38.56±4.61
Disease duration 0–4 years 39.22±6.27 t***=0.599, P=0.551
5–9 years 38.45±7.2
>10 years 37.32±6.98
Comorbidities Yes 36.54±5.68 t=0.582, P=0.563
No 37.61±6.44
Therapy Before therapy 37.76±5.41 t=0.241, P=0.022
After therapy 38.76±6.49
Cigarette consumption Yes 37.96 ±7.11 t=1.882, P=0.064
No 35.50±2.12
Alcohol consumption Yes 36.00±6.48 t=0.582, P=0.563
No 38.44±5.88
Consumption of psychoactive substances Yes 39.02±6.33 t=1.199, P=0.235
No 36.05±3.96
The use of the Internet Yes 38.42±5.24 t=1.597, P=0.115
No 37.12±6.76
Searching the Internet Yes 39.24±6.23 t=2.020, P=0.047
No 37.12±5.43
Search type Forums 36.97±5.42 t=1.355, P=0.183
Professional articles 39.43±6.19
Religiosity Yes 38.77±6.13 t=3.111, P=0.003
No 36.00±6.1
Faith in God Yes 38.45±5.51 t=2.981, P=0.004
No 36.50±6.11
Attendance at church religious services Yes 36.00±6.60 t=0.573, P=0.569
No 37.82±4.15
Formal medical education Yes 37.00±7.08 t=2.140, P=0.036
No 38.44±5.75

* Pearson correlation

** ANOVA

*** t test