Table 4:
The influence of sociodemographic factors on the level of hope in women with breast cancer before and after therapy
| Herth Hope Index (Hhi) | Breast cancer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Before therapy | After therapy | |||
| * | P | * | P | |
| Age of respondents | −0.111 | 0.351 | −0.076 | 0.524 |
| The presence of comorbidities | 0.917 | 0.359 | 1.582 | 0.114 |
| Education level | 3.443 | 0.328 | 2.555 | 0.465 |
| Marital status | 1.987 | 0.575 | 1.440 | 0.696 |
| Employment status | 0.803 | 0.669 | 1.789 | 0.409 |
| Monthly income | 0.359 | 0.836 | 0.012 | 0.994 |
| Place of residence | 2.106 | 0.349 | 0.834 | 0.659 |
| The number of family members | 0.097 | 0.416 | 0.057 | 0.632 |
| Family relationships | 6.381 | 0.094 | 6.037 | 0.110 |
| Your friends care about you | 12.963 | 0.002 | 7.208 | 0.027 |
| My friends do not understand me | 3.012 | 0.390 | 1.144 | 0.767 |
| Closeness with friends | 13.244 | 0.001 | 9.534 | 0.009 |
| Help and support given by closer family members | 0.146 | 0.221 | 0.236 | 0.046 |
| Help and support provided by members of the extended families | 0.032 | 0.788 | 0.023 | 0.848 |
| Help provided by a friend | 0.197 | 0.097 | 0.223 | 0.059 |
| Help provided by a marital spouse | 0.155 | 0.250 | 0.291 | 0.028 |
| Help provided by the state | −0.172 | 0.148 | −0.075 | 0.532 |
| Self-help | 0.207 | 0.081 | 0.296 | 0.012 |
| The number of childbirth | 0.220 | 0.063 | 0.270 | 0.022 |
| Have you ever breastfed your baby/babies? | 2.059 | 0.040 | 1.398 | 0.162 |
| Have you ever used birth control pills? | 0.196 | 0.844 | 0.265 | 0.791 |
| Have you ever had mastitis? | 1.098 | 0.272 | 1.130 | 0.258 |
| Have you ever had a miscarriage? | 0.587 | 0.557 | 1.166 | 0.244 |
| How many miscarriages have you had so far? | 0.150 | 0.389 | 0.082 | 0.640 |
| Do you have a family history of breast cancer? | 0.794 | 0.427 | 0.783 | 0.434 |
| Are you a smoker? | 1.818 | 0.069 | 1.330 | 0.183 |
| Do you consume alcohol? | 0.034 | 0.973 | 0.361 | 0.718 |
| Do you use psychoactive substances? | 1.362 | 0.173 | 0.672 | 0.501 |
| Do you use the Internet? | 1.568 | 0.117 | 2.462 | 0.014 |
| Do you search the Internet for acquiring information on the disease? | 2.117 | 0.034 | 2.145 | 0.032 |
| Do you browse the Internet in search of health-related forums? | 1.105 | 0.269 | 0.439 | 0.661 |
| Do you browse the Internet in search of scientific articles? | 0.575 | 0.565 | 0.780 | 0.435 |
| Are you religious? | 2.725 | 0.006 | 2.526 | 0.012 |
| Do you believe in God? | 2.559 | 0.010 | 2.069 | 0.039 |
| Do you attend religious services at church? | 0.326 | 0.744 | 0.850 | 0.395 |
| Do you have formal medical education? | 2.154 | 0.031 | 2.414 | 0.016 |
* The statistical test appropriate to the type and number of data