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. 2023 Jul 19;11:e15687. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15687

Table 2. Whistle parameters comparison between long-beaked common dolphin from the Gulf of California and from the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

Whistle parameter Present study (n = 270) Oswald et al. (2007) (n = 174)
Min Max Mean ± SD CV Mean ± SD
Duration (s)* 0.05 2.17 0.44 ± 0.31 70.45% 0.62 ± 0.34
Maximum frequency (kHz)* 3.52 26.12 14.13 ± 3.71 26.26% 16.21 ± 4.94
Minimum frequency (kHz) 2.62 18.47 8.44 ± 2.58 30.57% 8.48 ± 2.70
Frequency range (kHz) 0.43 19.93 5.69 ± 3.40 59.75%
Starting frequency (kHz) 2.62 26.12 10.81 ± 4.25 39.32% 10.87 ± 4.89
Ending frequency (kHz)* 3.28 21.58 12.50 ± 3.78 30.24% 14.46 ± 5.12
Peak frequency (kHz) 3.00 20.55 10.46 ± 2.62 25.05%
No. of inflection points* 0.00 8.00 0.92 ± 0.99 107.61% 1.59 ± 3.29
No. of steps 0.00 4.00 0.40 ± 0.68 170.00%

Notes.

*

Significantly different parameters between the two long-beaked common dolphin populations (One-sample Wilcoxon test, p <0.001).