Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies
| Author | Location | Samples (Male/ Woman) | Age Mean (SD) | Covariate | Control | Intervention | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Smoking (%) | Diabetes (%) | Ht (%) | CVD (%) | Obes (%) | COPD (%) | |||||||
| Name of Intervention and Frequency | Contents | |||||||||||
| Hu K, et al (2020)26 | China | IG: 142 (79/63) CG: 142 (71/71) |
IG: 50.4 (15.2) CG: 51.8 (14.8) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Treatment according to The Protocol for Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (4th edition) | LH capsules (Lianhuaqingwen), 4 capsules, 3 times a day, for 14 days | Forsythia suspensa; Lonicera japonica; Ephedra sinica;Isatis indigotica; Pogostemon cablin; Rheum palmatum; Glycyrrhiza uralensis; Dryopteris; crassirhizoma; Rhodiola crenulata; Houttuynia cordata; Prunus sibirica; gypsum and 1-menthol |
| Valizadeh, et al (2020)27 | Iran | IG: 20 (15/5) CG: 20 (16/4) |
IG: 53.3 (8.4) CG: 51.4 (7.9) |
17.5 | 7.5 | 5 | 12.5 | N/A | N/A | Placebo Capsules Betaferon 300 g subcutaneously for 5 days Bromhexine 8 mg tablet every 8 hours Atorvastatin 40 mg daily |
160 mg Nano-curcumin capsules as much as 40 mg/capsule daily for 14 days; Betaferon 300 g subcutaneously for 5 days; Bromhexine 8 mg tablet every 8 hours; Atorvastatin 40 mg daily | Nano-curcumin |
| Koshak AE, et al (2021)28 | Saudi Arabia | IG: 91 (48/43) CG: 92 (49/43) |
IG: 35 (10) CG: 36 (12) |
11 | 8 | 9 | 0.5 | N/A | 4 | Treatment according to The Protocol for Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (4th edition) | Applicable standard treatment + Nigella sativa orally 500 mg twice daily for 10 days | Nigella sativa |
| Karimi, et al (2021)25 | Iran | IG: 184 (106/76) CG: 174 (91/85) |
IG: 48.72 (14.86) CG: 50.79 (15.87) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Receive routine interventions according to the instructions of the Iranian Ministry of Health (2020) such as azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, KALETRA®(lopinavir/ritonavir) | Receive herbal medicine and routine intervention for 7 days | Rheum palmatum L.; Glycyrrhiza glabra L.; Punica granatum L.;Nigella sativa; Matricaria chamomilla; Zataria multiflora Boiss.; G. glabra; Ziziphus jujubamill.; Ficus carica; Urtica dioica; Althaea officinalis; Nepeta bracteata |
| Xiao M, et al (2020)29 | China | IG: 95 (47/48) CG: 94 (50/44) |
IG: 54.31 (11.63) CG: 54.06 (13.90) |
14.8 | 6.6 | 18.1 | 3.3 | N/A | 1.6 | Antiviral with oral oseltamivir (75 mg per tablet) one tablet per day; Arbidol (100 mg per tablet) orally, 2 tablets, 3 times daily; Ribavirin (100 mg per tablet) orally, one and a half tablets 3 times daily; Antimicrobial therapy | Huoxiang Zhengqi twice a day and Lianhua Qingwen three times a day + control group medication for 14 days | Pericarpium Arecae; Radix Angelicae; Dahuricae; Perillae; Poria; Rhizoma Pinelliae; Rhizoma Atractylodis; Macrocephalae; Pericarpium Citri; Reticulatae; Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis; Radix Platycodonis; Herba Pogostemonis; Radix Glycyrrhizae |
| Thakar, et al (2022)24 | India | IG: 41 (26/15) CG: 39 (27/12) |
IG: 40 (12.9) CG: 35.31 (11.68) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Applicable standard treatment | 3 g AYUSH 64 orally per day divided into 3 appropriate doses after each meal for 14 days | Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.; Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.; Swertia chirata Buch. Ham. ex Wall.; Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. |
| Zhou S, et al (2021)23 | China | I: 54 (38/16) C: 57 (33/24) |
66.0 (IQR 56.0–72.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Applicable standard treatment | Shenhuang Granule 2 times a day for 14 days | Panax ginseng C. A. Mey; Rheum palmatum L.; Sargentodoxa cuneata; Taraxacum mongolicum; Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata; Whitmania pigra Whitman |
| Zhang X-Y, et al (2021)22 | China | I: 65 (32/33) C: 65 (28/37) |
I: 44.31 (13.45) C: 48.25 (14.22) |
N/A | 7.7 | 16.2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | Applicable standard treatment | Xiyanping injeksi 10mg/kg once a day for 14 days | A. paniculate |
| Chen, et al (2021)21 | China | I: 64 (31/33) C: 65 (29/36) |
I: 54.16 (12.11) C: 52.51 (12.31) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | 19.3 | N/A | 2.3 | Placebo capsule with oral dose of 1.4 g concurrently with rehabilitation therapy | Bufei Huoxue Capsule | Psoralen; Astragalus; Red peony; paeoniflori; iso-psoralen; verbasil glucoside; pentagalloyl glucose; verbasil isoflavones; tonic osteostatin; isopsorale |
| Devpura G, et al (2021)30 | India | I: 45 (35/10) C: 50 (42/8) |
I: 33.4 (9.4) C: 35.4 (10.4) |
N/A | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | Placebo | Ayurvedic twice a day for 7 days | Tinospora cordifolia; Withania somnifera; Ocimum sanctum |
| Xu, et al (2021)41 | China | I: 77 (43/34) C: 80 (44/36) |
I: 49.1 (15.7) C: 50.4 (16.0) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Applicable standard treatment | Reduning injection | Artemisia annua; Lonicera japonica Thunb; Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. |
| Loc, et al (2022)40 | Vietnam | I: 34 (18/ 16) C: 35 (14/ 21) |
I: 34 C: 35 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Placebo 3 tablets 3 times a day for 14 days | Oral Kovir capsules | Bupleurum chinense DC.; Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf.; Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.; Peucedanum decursivum Maxim; (or)Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn.; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or; Glycyrrhiza glabra L.; Platycodon; grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.; Ligusticum wallichii Franch.; Citrus aurantium L. |
| Mesri, et al (2021)39 | Iran | I: 50 (31/19) C: 50 (21/29) |
I: 47.1 (15.53) C: 45.46 (13.46) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Standard medication (Hydroxychloroquine) | Herbal medicine + standard medicine | Zingiber officinale; Echinacea herbal medicines |
| Liu J (2021)32 | China | I: 99 (36/63) C: 96 (37/59) |
I: 56.00 (48.50–62.00) (IQR) C: 56.50 (48.75–62.25) (IQR) |
N/A | 13.8 | 60 | 5.1 | N/A | 2 | Standard treatment for 14 days | Q-14 10 g twice a day for 14 days | Ephedra Herba, Amygdalus Communis Vas, Gypsum Fibrosum, licorice, Pogostemon Cablin (Blanco) Benth., Magnolia Officinalis Rehd Et Wils, Atractylodes Lancea (Thunb.)Dc., Amomum Tsao-Ko Crevostet, Pinelliae rhizoma preparata, Poria Cocos(Schw.) Wolf., Radix Rhei Et Rhizome, Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim. |
| Fazlju, et al (2022)38 | Iran | I: Polium: 267 (140/ 127) - Hyssop: 231 (112/ 119) C: 252 (137/115) |
I: - Polium: 36.4 (17,4) - Hyssop: 36.2 (19,6) C: 37.2 (18,1) |
Polium: 18% Hyssop: 11.3% |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Placebo | Hyssop and Polyum as much as 5 (for under 12 years) or 10 cc (for over 12 years) per day after breakfast for 20 days | POLIUM: Teucrium polium L.; Cuscuta epithymum Murr;Cichorium intybus L Hyssop: Hyssopus officinalis L.; Echium amoenum Fisch and C.A. Mey; Glycyrrhiza glabra L. |
| Hasheminasab, et al (2022)37 | Iran | I: 35 (14/ 18) C: 35 (17/ 15) |
I: 51.49 (11,61) C: 53.28 (13,22) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Conventional therapy | Barley-based remedy for 5 days | H. vulgare; Z. Jujuba; C. Myxa |
| Varnasseri M, et al (2022)33 | Iran | I: 30 (12/ 18) C: 30 (17/ 13) |
I: 47.87 (14.31) C: 44.27 (11.20) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 40 | 200 mg hydroxychloroquine sulfate; Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) | 2g Amla sachets every 12 hours for 10 days | Phyllanthus Emblica |
| Asadirad A, et al (2021)36 | Iran | I: 30 (24/6) C: 30 (24/6) |
I: 56 (14.02) C: 50.2 (12.01) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | (lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra®) 400/100 mg subcutaneously 44μgIFN-β-1a | 40 mg/day nano-curcumin ie, 40 mg nano-mcellar curcumin oral capsules SinaCurcumin® every 6 hours for 7 days | Curcuma longa |
| Askari G, et al (2022)34 | Iran | I: 23 (14/9) C: 23 (13/10) |
I: 43.74 (12.9) C: 51.52 (13.8) |
N/A | 26 | 24 | 15.2 | N/A | N/A | Two placebo capsules each containing 505 mg maltodextrin | Two curcumin-piperine capsules; each capsule contains 500 mg of curcumin plus 5 mg of piperine; At 9 and 18 for 14 days | Curcuma longa |
| Shafie EH, et al (2022)35 | Iran | I: 26 (15/11) C: 24 (14/10) |
I: 57.46 (11.61) C: 57.79 (11.45) |
3.80% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Standard treatments | 160 mg nano-curcumin; 4 capsules of 40 mg daily for 6 days | Curcuma longa |
| Tahmasebi, et al (2020)31 | Iran | I: 80 (48/32) C: 40 (24/16) |
I: 54.2 (9.1) C: 52.4 (8.5) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Standard treatments | Sinacurcumin® 80 mg; 2 capsules daily (every 12 hours) for 21 days | Curcuma longa |
| Pawar KS, et al (2020)20 | India | I: 70 (45/25) C: 70 (54/16) |
18–85 (IQR) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Standard treatments | Curcumin with piperine, curcumin 252 mg; for 14 days | Curcuma longa |
| Sankhe AP, et al (2022)19 | India | I: 70 (44/26) C: 70 (45/15) |
I:51.29 (15.27) C: 50.92 (14.99) |
N/A | 25.8 | 30 | 10 | N/A | N/A | Standard treatments | Ayurcov containing 500 mg of curcumin; The first dose of this combination is started one hour after lunch, the second dose is given two hours after the first dose, and the third dose is given two hours after the second dose. | Curcuma longa |
Abbreviations: Ht, hypertension; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; Obes, obesity; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; I, intervention; C, control.