Table 2.

General presence of valid MOTUs (molecular operational taxonomic units) of Spermatopsida in the diet of Common Woodpigeon Columba palumbus (WP), European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur (TD), and Stock Dove C. oenas (SD) for the total dataset [● = presence]. Given is the frequency of occurrence for respective MOTUs during the breeding season (FOO_br%; sub-dataset for samples collected between 1^st April and 31^st August, excluding samples of nestlings) and the category of each MOTU

Order	Family	MOTU	Common name	Category	Presence [FOObr%]
					WP	TD	SD
Apiales	Apiaceae	Heracleum sp.	Hogweeds	Natural		● [5.6]
	Araliaceae	Hedera sp.	Ivies	Natural	● [4.8]		●
Asterales	Asteraceae	Achillea sp.	Yarrows	Natural	● [19.0]
		Achillea millefolium	Common yarrow	Natural	● [19.0]		●
		Artemisia vulgaris	Common mugwort	Natural	● [9.5]		● [4.8]
		Bellis perennis	Common daisy	Natural	● [4.8]
		Carthamus tinctorius	Safflower	Fed			● [4.8]
		Cichorium sp.	Chicories	Natural			●
		Cirsum sp.	Thistles	Natural		● [11.1]
		Crepis capillaris	Smooth hawksbeard	Natural	● [4.8]	● [5.6]
		Dittrichia graveolens	Stinkwort	Natural			● [9.5]
		Guizotia abyssinica	Niger seed	Fed	● [9.5]
		Helianthus annuus	Annual sunflower	Fed	● [23.8]	● [11.1]	● [4.8]
		Hypochaeris radicata	Catsear	Natural	● [4.8]
		Lactuca sp.	Lettuce	/	● [9.5]
		Scorzoneroides autumnalis	Autumn hawkbit	Natural	● [9.5]
		Senecio inaequidens	Narrow-leaved ragwort	Natural	●
		Sonchus sp.	Sow thistles	Natural	● [4.8]
		Taraxacum sp.	Dandelions	Natural	● [23.8]	● [11.1]
		Tripleurospermum sp.	Mayweeds	Natural			● [14.3]
Boraginales	Boraginaceae	Echium vulgare	Blueweed	Natural		● [5.6]
Brassicales	Brassicaceae	Raphanus sp.	Radishes	Brassica			●
		Sinapis alba	White mustard	Brassica		● [5.6]	●
		Brassica sp.	Cole crops	Brassica	● [19.0]	● [50.0]	● [66.7]
		Brassica juncea	Brown mustard	Brassica		● [22.2]	● [28.6]
		Brassica napus	Rapeseed	Brassica	● [9.5]	● [22.2]	● [42.9]
		Brassica oleracea	Cabbage	Brassica			● [14.3]
		Brassica rapa	Bird rape	Brassica	● [9.5]	● [16.7]	● [42.9]
		Cardamine hirsuta	Hairy bittercress	Brassica		● [5.6]
Caryophyllales	Amaranthaceae	Chenopodium sp.	Goosefoots	Natural	● [14.3]	● [16.7]	● [14.3]
	Caryophyllaceae	Cerastium sp.	Mouse-ear chickweeds	Natural	● [4.8]
		Sagina apetala	Annual pearlwort	Natural	● [4.8]
		Silene sp.	Campions	Natural	● [4.8]
		Silene latifolia	White campion	Natural	● [4.8]
		Silene vulgaris	Bladder campion	Natural			●
		Stellaria media	Chickweed	Natural			● [4.8]
Cucurbitales	Cucurbitaceae	Cucumis sp.		Cultivated	● [38.1]		● [19.0]
		Cucurbita sp.	Gourd	Cultivated	● [61.9]	● [27.8]	● [47.6]
		Cucurbita pepo	Field pumpkin	Cultivated	● [38.1]	● [16.7]	● [33.3]
Dipsacales	Adoxaceae	Sambucus nigra	Elder	Tree	● [9.5]
Ericales	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens sp.	Snapweeds	natural			●
		Impatiens parviflora	Small balsam	Natural			●
Fabales	Fabaceae	Glycine max	Soya bean	Cultivated	● [9.5]	● [11.1]
		Lotus sp.	Bird’s-foot trefoils	Natural	● [4.8]
		Pisum sativum	Pea	Cultivated			● [19.0]
		Robinia sp.	Locusts	Tree		● [11.1]
		Trifolium pratense	Red clover	Natural	● [4.8]
		Trifolium repens	White clover	Natural	● [9.5]
		Vicia sp.	Vetches	/			● [52.4]
		Vicia hirsuta	Hairy vetch	Cultivated			● [33.3]
		Vicia lathyroides	Spring vetch	Natural			● [19.0]
		Vicia sativa	Common vetch	Cultivated			● [47.6]
		Vicia sepium	Bush vetch	Cultivated			●
		Vicia tetrasperma	Smooth vetch	Natural			● [9.5]
Fagales	Betulaceae	Betula sp.	Birches	Tree	● [9.5]	● [11.1]
		Carpinus sp.	Hornbeams	Tree	● [4.8]
	Fagaceae	Fagus sp.	Beeches	Tree	● [14.3]		●
	Juglandaceae	Juglans regia	Walnut	Tree	● [4.8]		● [4.8]
Gentianales	Rubiaceae	Galium sp.	Bedstraws	Natural	● [4.8]
Lamiales	Plantaginaceae	Hippuris sp.	Mare’s tails	Natural			● [4.8]
		Plantago lanceolata	Buckhorn plantain	Natural	● [19.0]		● [4.8]
		Veronica chamaedrys	Cat’s eyes	Natural			● [4.8]
Liliales	Liliaceae	Lilium sp.	Lilies	/	● [4.8]
Malpighiales	Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia helioscopia	Sun spurge	Natural		● [11.1]	● [9.5]
		Mercurialis annua	Annual mercury	Natural			● [14.3]
	Linaceae	Linum sp.	Flax plants	Cultivated		● [5.6]
Malvales	Malvaceae	Tilia sp.	Linden	Tree	● [9.5]
		Tilia platyphyllos	Large-leaved linden	Tree	● [4.8]
Myrtales	Lythraceae	Lythrum salicaria	Purple loosestrife	Natural		● [5.6]
	Onagraceae	Epilobium sp.	Willowherbs	Natural		● [5.6]	● [4.8]
		Oenothera sp.	Evening primroses	Natural			● [14.3]
Pinales	Pinaceae	Picea sp.	Spruces	Tree	● [9.5]		● [14.3]
		Pinus sp.	Pines	Tree		● [5.6]
		Pinus sylvestris	European red pine	Tree	● [14.3]	● [5.6]	● [4.8]
Poales	Cyperaceae	Carex sp.	Sedges	Natural	● [19.0]	● [16.7]	● [28.6]
	Poaceae	Poaceae	Grasses	/	● [95.2]	● [94.4]	● [90.5]
		Agrostis sp.	Bentgrasses	Natural	● [14.3]		●
		Alopecurus myosuroides	Black-grass	Natural			● [4.8]
		Alopecurus pratensis	Meadow foxtail	Natural	● [19.0]	● [5.6]
		Arrhenatherum sp.	Oatgrasses	Natural	● [19.0]	● [11.1]
		Arrhenatherum elatius	False oat-grass	Natural	● [19.0]	● [11.1]
		Avena sp.	Oats	/	● [14.3]	● [5.6]	● [9.5]
		Dactylis glomerata	Cock’s-foot	Natural	● [4.8]		● [9.5]
		Elymus sp.	Couch grasses	Natural			●
		Festuca sp.	Fescues	Natural	● [14.3]
		Holcus sp.	Soft-grasses	Natural		● [11.1]
		Hordeum vulgare	Barley	Cultivated	● [28.6]	● [33.3]	● [14.3]
		Lolium sp.	Ryegrasses	Natural	● [23.8]		● [4.8]
		Lolium perenne	Perennial ryegrass	Natural	● [23.8]		● [4.8]
		Molinia caerulea	Purple moorgrass	Natural	● [23.8]		● [9.5]
		Panicum miliaceum	Proso millet	Fed	● [23.8]	● [50.0]	● [28.6]
		Phalaris sp.		Natural	● [14.3]
		Poa sp.	Meadow-grasses	Natural	● [19.0]	● [11.1]	● [4.8]
		Poa trivialis	Rough bluegrass	Natural	● [14.3]
		Secale cereale	Rye	Cultivated	● [4.8]	● [16.7]	● [14.3]
		Setaria sp.	Bristle grasses	Fed	● [9.5]	● [11.1]	● [4.8]
		Trisetum flavescens	Yellow oatgrass	Cultivated	● [4.8]
		Triticum sp.	Wheat	Cultivated	● [57.1]	● [66.7]	● [76.2]
		Triticum aestivum	Common wheat	Cultivated	● [9.5]	● [16.7]	● [28.6]
		Triticum dicoccon	Emmer wheat	Cultivated	● [9.5]
		Triticum sp.elta	Dinkel wheat	Cultivated			● [4.8]
		Zea mays	Maize	Cultivated	● [23.8]	● [16.7]	● [19.0]
Ranunculales	Ranunculaceae	Ranunculus sp.	Buttercups	Natural		● [27.8]
Rosales	Cannabaceae	Cannabis sativa	Hemp	Fed	● [33.3]	● [27.8]	● [38.1]
	Elaeagnaceae	Hippophae rhamnoides	Sea-buckthorn	/			● [4.8]
	Rosaceae	Amelanchier sp.	Shadbushes	Tree	● [9.5]
		Potentilla sp.	Cinquefoils	Natural	● [4.8]
		Prunus sp.		Tree	● [23.8]		● [4.8]
		Prunus avium	Bird cherry	Tree	● [4.8]
		Rosa sp.	Roses	Natural	●	● [11.1]
		Rubus sp.		Natural	● [4.8]	● [22.2]	●
	Urticaceae	Urtica dioica	Common nettle	Natural	● [14.3]	● [16.7]	● [14.3]
Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer sp.	Maples	Tree	● [19.0]		● [9.5]
		Acer platanoides	Norway maple	Tree	● [4.8]
		Acer pseudoplatanus	Sycamore	Tree	● [9.5]
Saxifragales	Crassulaceae	Sedum sp.	Stonecrops	Natural	●
Solanales	Convolvulaceae	Convolvulus arvensis	Field bindweed	Natural	● [4.8]
	Solanaceae	Solanum lycopersicum	Tomato	Cultivated	●		● [14.3]