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. 2023 Mar 29;123(8):1655–1670. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05176-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Power output of a representative participant to illustrate the tests performed in the first (panel A: incremental test, panel B: 3 min all-out test, panel C: 20 min time-trial) and second visits (panel D: 3 min all-out test, panel E: 20 min time-trial, panel F: high-intensity interval training session). In the first visit, the 3 min all-out test and the 20 min time-trial were performed as a familiarisation. In the second visit, the high-intensity interval training session was performed as a familiarisation