Table 2.
Statistically significant comparisons between DAA + and DAA − individuals
| DAA − individuals (n = 528) |
DAA + individuals (n = 145) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Females, n (%) | 280 (53.0%) | 94 (64.8%) | 0.011 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5 (16.5–62.5) | 30.8 (15.9–48.1) | < 0.001 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 365 (69.4%) | 83 (57.6%) | 0.008 |
| Fasting C-peptide levels (nmol/l) | 0.43 (0.02–3.95) | 0.35 (0.02–1.47) | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol in females (mmol/l) | 1.06 (0.38–2.28) | 1.25 (0.71–2.70) | < 0.001 |
| Fasting triglycerides (mmol/l) | 2.22 (0.61–13.94) | 1.78 (0.67–12.68) | < 0.001 |
| Metformin use | 344 (65.1%) | 81 (55.9%) | 0.040 |
| Non-diabetic medication, n (%) | |||
| Fibrates | 82 (15.5%) | 12 (8.3%) | 0.026 |
| Beta blockers | 296 (56.1%) | 67 (46.2%) | 0.035 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 43 (8.1%) | 4 (2.8%) | 0.024 |
| Adrenal pathology (any), n (%) | 4 (0.8%) | 6 (4.1%) | 0.003 |
| Autoimmune thyroiditis, n (%) | 57 (10.8%) | 41 (28.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Thyroid peroxidase AA positivity (n = 338) | 25 (9.7%) | 20 (25.0%) | 0.001 |
| Thyroglobulin AA positivity (n = 339) | 24 (9.3%) | 16 (20.0%) | 0.009 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 473 (89.6%) | 120 (83.3%) | 0.039 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 237 (44.9%) | 50 (34.5%) | 0.025 |
| *Number of all hypoglycaemias in 7 days | 0.54 ± 1.34 (0–11) | 1.01 ± 1.82 (0–10) | < 0.001 |
| Individuals with no hypoglycaemia, n (%) | 401 (77.4%) | 102 (61.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Individuals with ≥ 1 hypoglycaemia, n (%) | 117 (22.6%) | 62 (38.6%) | < 0.001 |
Data are reported as n (%), median (range) or mean ± SD (range) depending on the normality of their distribution
AA autoantibodies, BMI body mass index, HDL high-density lipoprotein, part. participants
*For all hypoglycaemia statistics, the total number of participants analysed is 662