Table 1.
Patient background data
| Patient characteristics | Luseogliflozin group (n = 277) | DPP-4i group (n = 272) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Value | n | Value | ||
| Age (year) | 277 | 57.4 ± 10.7 | 272 | 58.1 ± 10.3 | 0.43 |
| Female sex [n (%)] | 277 | 95 (34.3) | 272 | 95 (34.9) | 0.88 |
| Duration of diabetes mellitus (year) | 250 | 4.3 ± 5.3 | 247 | 4.6 ± 5.1 | 0.34 |
| HbA1c (%) | 277 | 7.7 ± 0.7 | 272 | 7.6 ± 0.8 | 0.07 |
| Weight (kg) | 276 | 76.7 ± 15.1 | 271 | 74.9 ± 15.8 | 0.17 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 274 | 79.9 ± 17.6 | 268 | 80.2 ± 19.0 | 0.85 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 274 | 134.6 ± 17.1 | 270 | 133.3 ± 15.6 | 0.34 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 274 | 80.3 ± 13.0 | 270 | 79.0 ± 11.6 | 0.24 |
| Pulse (bpm) | 271 | 75.8 ± 11.5 | 258 | 75.2 ± 10.6 | 0.54 |
| Habit of drinking | 277 | 168 (60.6) | 271 | 141 (52.0) | 0.042 |
| Current smoking | 276 | 78 (28.3) | 271 | 61 (22.5) | 0.12 |
| History of cardio-/cerebrovascular disease | 277 | 21 (7.6) | 272 | 18 (6.6) | 0.66 |
| Macrovascular complication | 275 | 13 (4.7) | 269 | 13 (4.8) | 0.95 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 277 | 1 (0.4) | 271 | 3 (1.1) | 0.37a |
| Coronary artery disease | 276 | 9 (3.3) | 271 | 7 (2.6) | 0.64 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 275 | 3 (1.1) | 271 | 3 (1.1) | 1.00a |
| Microvascular complication | 254 | 59 (23.2) | 247 | 70 (28.3) | 0.19 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 250 | 11 (4.4) | 244 | 11 (4.5) | 0.95 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 272 | 41 (15.1) | 261 | 55 (21.1) | 0.07 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 270 | 16 (5.9) | 266 | 16 (6.0) | 0.97 |
| Other complication | 277 | 242 (87.4) | 272 | 244 (89.7) | 0.39 |
| Renal disease | 277 | 13 (4.7) | 272 | 15 (5.5) | 0.66 |
| Hepatic disease | 277 | 78 (28.2) | 272 | 79 (29.0) | 0.82 |
| Hypertension | 277 | 169 (61.0) | 272 | 174 (64.0) | 0.47 |
| Dyslipidemia | 277 | 177 (63.9) | 272 | 174 (64.0) | 0.99 |
| Use of anti-diabetic agent | 277 | 119 (43.0) | 272 | 111 (40.8) | 0.61 |
| SGLT2i | 277 | 0 (0.0) | 272 | 0 (0.0) | – |
| DPP-4i | 277 | 0 (0.0) | 272 | 0 (0.0) | – |
| Sulfonylurea | 277 | 2 (0.7) | 272 | 3 (1.1) | 0.68a |
| Biguanide | 277 | 107 (38.6) | 272 | 103 (37.9) | 0.85 |
| Alfa-glucosidase inhibitor | 277 | 8 (2.9) | 272 | 8 (2.9) | 0.97 |
| Glinide | 277 | 4 (1.4) | 272 | 3 (1.1) | 1.00a |
| Thiazolidine | 277 | 15 (5.4) | 272 | 12 (4.4) | 0.59 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist | 277 | 0 (0.0) | 272 | 0 (0.0) | – |
| Insulin | 277 | 0 (0.0) | 272 | 0 (0.0) | – |
| Antihypertensive agent | 277 | 151 (54.5) | 272 | 157 (57.7) | 0.45 |
| Hypolipidemic agent | 277 | 117 (42.2) | 272 | 123 (45.2) | 0.48 |
| Antiplatelet agent | 277 | 19 (6.9) | 272 | 22 (8.1) | 0.58 |
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and as n (%) for categorical variables
Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used for assessing categorical variables and the two-sample t-test was used to assess continuous variables
DPP-4i Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GLP-1 receptor agonist glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, SGLT2i sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
aIntergroup comparison was conducted using Fisher’s exact test, as it did not meet the requirement of the Chi-squared test