Why carry out this study?

Evidence of a direct comparison between dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) remains lacking.

This study aimed to compare the overall efficacy and safety of DPP-4is and the SGLT2i luseogliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

What was learned from this study?

The proportion of patients who showed improvement in ≥ 3 endpoints among five composite endpoints (glycated hemoglobin, weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate) at week 52 was significantly higher in the luseogliflozin group than in the DPP-4i group, regardless body mass index or age.

Hepatic function and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly improved in the luseogliflozin group compared with the DPP-4i group.

This study showed the overall efficacy of luseogliflozin compared with DPP-4is in the mid/long term, suggesting the importance of assessing multiple aspects regarding the effects of diabetes management.