Table 2.

The association between urinary caffeine levels (μmol/L) and stroke.

	Model 1 OR (95% CI) P value	Model 2 OR (95% CI) P value	Model 3 OR (95% CI) P value
Caffeine (μmol/L)	1.004 (0.991, 1.018) 0.534	0.999 (0.984, 1.013) 0.847	0.996 (0.981, 1.011) 0.606
Caffeine categories
Q1	Reference	Reference	Reference
Q2	0.799 (0.515, 1.240) 0.316	0.780 (0.496, 1.224) 0.280	0.758 (0.478, 1.202) 0.239
Q3	0.757 (0.485, 1.183) 0.222	0.713 (0.450, 1.129) 0.149	0.645 (0.402, 1.035) 0.069
Q4	0.948 (0.622, 1.443) 0.802	0.816 (0.526, 1.265) 0.363	0.747 (0.475, 1.175) 0.207
Age categories
20–34	1.000 (0.900, 1.112) 0.996	0.993 (0.892, 1.105) 0.894	0.998 (0.883, 1.128) 0.973
35–49	0.991 (0.943, 1.042) 0.722	0.993 (0.943, 1.045) 0.782	0.994 (0.946, 1.044) 0.808
50–64	0.990 (0.962, 1.019) 0.495	0.989 (0.960, 1.019) 0.468	0.984 (0.953, 1.016) 0.311
65–80	1.000 (0.982, 1.017) 0.965	1.001 (0.983, 1.019) 0.941	1.001 (0.982, 1.020) 0.950
Sex
Men	1.000 (0.977, 1.022) 0.970	0.990 (0.966, 1.014) 0.417	0.985 (0.961, 1.010) 0.244
Women	1.008 (0.991, 1.025) 0.365	1.003 (0.986, 1.021) 0.717	1.002 (0.983, 1.022) 0.838
Race
Mexican American	0.971 (0.889, 1.060) 0.509	0.952 (0.872, 1.038) 0.264	0.886 (0.791, 0.993) 0.037
Other Hispanic	1.022 (0.971, 1.076) 0.396	1.007 (0.951, 1.065) 0.820	0.998 (0.935, 1.066) 0.959
Non-Hispanic White	1.010 (0.994, 1.025) 0.210	1.006 (0.991, 1.022) 0.429	1.005 (0.988, 1.022) 0.594
Non-Hispanic Black	0.955 (0.899, 1.014) 0.132	0.941 (0.885, 1.001) 0.054	0.944 (0.887, 1.004) 0.065
Other Race	1.017 (0.960, 1.078) 0.565	1.020 (0.956, 1.088) 0.556	1.022 (0.949, 1.099) 0.569

Model 1: The covariates were not adjusted.

Model 2: The age, sex, and race of the participants were adjusted.

Model 3: The age, sex, race, high blood pressure, high cholesterol level, diabetes, coronary heart disease, smoking, drinking, BMI of participants were adjusted.