Table 3.
Diabetes medication classes and lung cancer risk.
| RR 95% CI | P value for effect | P value for Egger's test | I2 (%) | P value for difference between subgroups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biguanides | ||||||
| All studies (n = 9) | 0.83 (0.68–1.02) | 0.07 | 0.84 | 91.88 | – | |
| Study design | Cohort (n = 7) | 0.78 (0.61–1.00) | 0.05 | – | 91.82 | 0.06 |
| Case–control (n = 2) | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | 0.65 | – | 53.26 | ||
| Risk of bias | Low risk (n = 8) | 0.80 (0.65–0.98) | 0.03 | – | 92.57 | 0.03 |
| Moderate risk (n = 1) | 1.44 (0.89–2.33) | 0.13 | – | – | ||
| Study population | Asian (n = 4) | 0.70 (0.47–1.03) | 0.07 | – | 94.90 | 0.18 |
| Western (n = 5) | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) | 0.54 | – | 84.29 | ||
| Incretin-based medicines | ||||||
| All studies (n = 2) | 0.81 (0.50–1.31) | 0.39 | 0.04 | 78.27 | – | |
| Study design | Cohort (n = 2) | 0.81 (0.50–1.31) | 0.39 | – | 78.27 | – |
| Risk of bias | Low risk (n = 2) | 0.81 (0.50–1.31) | 0.39 | – | 78.27 | – |
| Study population | Western (n = 2) | 0.81 (0.50–1.31) | 0.39 | – | 78.27 | – |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | ||||||
| All studies (n = 1) | 0.56 (0.35–0.90) | 0.02 | – | – | – | |
| Study design | Cohort (n = 1) | 0.56 (0.35–0.90) | 0.02 | – | – | – |
| Risk of bias | Low risk (n = 1) | 0.56 (0.35–0.90) | 0.02 | – | – | – |
| Study population | Asian (n = 1) | 0.56 (0.35–0.90) | 0.02 | – | – | – |
| Insulin secretagogues | ||||||
| All studies (n = 3) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 0.90 | 0.94 | < 0.001 | – | |
| Study design | Cohort (n = 2) | 0.96 (0.74–1.23) | 0.73 | – | < 0.001 | 0.75 |
| Case–control (n = 1) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 0.99 | – | – | ||
| Risk of bias | Low risk (n = 3) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 0.90 | 0.94 | < 0.001 | – |
| Study population | Asian (n = 1) | 1.17 (0.69–1.97) | 0.56 | – | – | 0.53 |
| Western (n = 2) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 0.81 | – | < 0.001 | ||
| Thiazolidinediones | ||||||
| All studies (n = 6) | 0.77 (0.61–0.96) | 0.02 | 0.87 | 54.31 | – | |
| Study design | RCT (n = 1) | 1.27 (0.65–2.49) | 0.49 | – | – | 0.13 |
| Cohort (n = 5) | 0.73 (0.58–0.93) | 0.01 | – | 56.66 | ||
| Risk of bias | Low risk (n = 5) | 0.73 (0.58–0.93) | 0.01 | – | 56.66 | 0.13 |
| High risk (n = 1) | 1.27 (0.65–2.49) | 0.49 | – | – | ||
| Study population | Asian (n = 3) | 0.72 (0.47–1.11) | 0.14 | – | 67.96 | 0.83 |
| Western (n = 3) | 0.77 (0.56–1.05) | 0.09 | – | 36.81 | ||
| Insulins | ||||||
| All studies (n = 6) | 1.04 (0.79–1.37) | 0.79 | 0.36 | 94.94 | – | |
| Study design | Cohort (n = 5) | 0.97 (0.68–1.39) | 0.87 | – | 95.94 | 0.13 |
| Case–control (n = 1) | 1.31 (1.14–1.51) | < 0.001 | – | – | ||
| Risk of bias | Low risk (n = 6) | 1.04 (0.79–1.37) | 0.79 | – | 94.94 | – |
| Study population | Asian (n = 4) | 1.11 (0.85–1.45) | 0.46 | – | 59.00 | 0.76 |
| Western (n = 2) | 1.01 (0.60–1.68) | 0.97 | – | 97.08 | ||