Table 1.
Tightened proteomic modules by lifespan-extending interventions.
| Functional category | Module ID | Module name | ANOVA | Acarbose | 17α-estradiol | Rapamycin | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty acid β-oxidation | GO:0031998 | regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation | 0.0042 | *** | *** | * | ◎ |
| GO:0006635 | fatty acid beta-oxidation | 0.0061 | *** | *** | ** | ○ | |
| GO:0006637 | acyl-CoA metabolic process | 0.0245 | ** | *** | ** | ||
| GO:0033539 | fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | 0.0296 | ** | ** | |||
| GO:0000038 | very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process | 0.0296 | * | ** | ○ | ||
| Protein transport to peroxisome | GO:0006625 | protein targeting to peroxisome | 0.0042 | * | ** | *** | ◎ |
| GO:0016558 | protein import into peroxisome matrix | 0.0042 | * | ** | *** | ◎ | |
| Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle | GO:0006102 | isocitrate metabolic process | 0.0042 | *** | ** | * | |
| GO:0006103 | 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process | 0.0123 | *** | ** | *** | ||
| GO:0042866 | pyruvate biosynthetic process | 0.0123 | *** | * | * | ○ | |
| Immune response | GO:0075522 | IRES-dependent viral translational initiation | 0.0123 | *** | *** | ||
| GO:0098761 | cellular response to interleukin-7 | 0.0180 | ** | ** | ** | ||
| GO:0140374 | antiviral innate immune response | 0.0292 | * | ** | * | ◎ | |
| GO:0044794 | positive regulation by host of viral process | 0.0370 | ** | ** | |||
| Stress response | GO:0017144 | drug metabolic process | 0.0008 | *** | *** | ** | |
| GO:0043653 | mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process | 0.0042 | *** | *** | ○ | ||
| GO:0006749 | glutathione metabolic process | 0.0042 | *** | *** | ** | ||
| GO:0034063 | stress granule assembly | 0.0123 | ** | *** | ** | ◎ | |
| Translation | GO:0002181 | cytoplasmic translation | 0.0168 | * | ** | *** | ○ |
| GO:0000028 | ribosomal small subunit assembly | 0.0308 | ** | * | |||
| GO:1902416 | positive regulation of mRNA binding | 0.0324 | * | ** | ** | ||
| Miscellaneous | GO:0008210 | estrogen metabolic process | 0.0099 | ** | *** | ○ | |
| GO:0030042 | actin filament depolymerization | 0.0481 | * | ** |
Listed are the 23 Gene Ontology Biological Process (GOBP)-defined proteomic modules that were significantly tightened by one or more of the interventions. ANOVA: P-value of the intervention effect on module rank conservation index (RCI), by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) after the Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment across 164 modules; Acarbose/17α-estradiol/Rapamycin: significance of the RCI comparison between control and each intervention (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001), by the post hoc two-sided Welch’s t-tests after the Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment across three comparisons; Similarity: significant similarity of the tightening patterns across the interventions (◎: similar to all the other two interventions, ○: similar to other one intervention). Note that the functional categories are just for reference purpose and not completely exclusive with each other. See Supplementary Data 1 for complete results.