Table 2.
Hospital catchment area characteristics associated with Omicron hospitalization from 12/20/2021–4/3/2022
| Characteristics | Difference in number of hospitalizations per 10,000 patients† (95%CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate Relationships | Model 1: Predisposing Factors | Model 2: Predisposing + Enabling Factors | Model 3: Predisposing, Enabling + Need Factors | |
| Predisposing Factors | ||||
| % Female | 1.38 (−6.50, 9.25) | –10.34 (−24.13, 3.46) | 3.11 (−14.40, 20.62) | 5.85 (−5.01, 16.70) |
| % Age 80+ | –1.09 (−5.90, 3.72) | 0.34 (−8.76, 9.44) | 2.04 (−7.07, 11.15) | 2.30 (−3.67, 8.28) |
| % Low income or service connected | 4.51 (−1.53, 10.54) | 7.22 (0.88, 13.57)* | 3.89 (−2.92, 10.70) | 3.45 (−0.82. 7.72) |
| % non-Hispanic Black | 1.34 (−0.24, 2.91) | 1.50 (−0.69, 3.70) | –0.68 (−3.60, 2.24) | –0.86 (−2.82, 1.09) |
| % Hispanic | –0.31 (−2.24, 1.63) | –1.12 (−3.16. 0.93) | –2.37 (−4.63, −0.11)* | –0.74 (−2.40, 0.92) |
| % Other Minoritized Group‡ | –1.29 (−4.39, 1.82) | –0.71 (−3.83, 2.40) | –2.49 (−5.87, 0.89) | 1.97 (−0.35, 4.28) |
| % New VA Patients§ | –6.63 (−9.87, −3.40)* | –7.38 (−10.83, −3.93)* | –7.82 (−11.35, −4.29)* | –3.88 (−6.16, −1.59)* |
| Enabling Factors | ||||
| % Residing in “poverty area” census tractll | 1.51 (0.09, 2.93)* | 2.77 (0.57, 4.97)* | –0.06 (−1.55, 1.42) | |
| % Residing in HPSA county** | –1.19 (−3.30, 0.91) | –0.11 (−2.13, 1.91) | 0.29 (−0.96, 1.55) | |
| % Drive time 60+ minutes | –2.51 (−6.67, 1.66) | –0.66 (−5.01, 3.68) | 0.94 (−1.81, 3.68) | |
| Need Factors | ||||
| % Boosted†† | 1.87 (−1.16, 4.90) | –5.19 (−7.91, −2.47)* | ||
| % Fully vaccinated, but not boosted‡‡ | –2.94 (−8.65, 2.78) | 1.57 (−19.16, 22.30) | ||
| % Partially vaccinated§§ | –9.29 (−33.3, 14.7) | –1.92 (−6.13, 2.28) | ||
| % High hospitalization risk | 29.74 (25.64, 33.85)* | 34.17 (29.39, 38.95)* | ||
Notes:
*
p-value <0.05
†
Per 10-percentage point increase in catchment area characteristics
‡
American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, multi-race
§
Did not have VHA inpatient/outpatient visit in 2 years prior to pandemic
ll
U.S. Census defines “poverty area” as 20% or more of the census tract below the poverty line
**
Either part or whole county defined as a Health Professional Shortage Area
††
Received 2 mRNA + booster or 1 adenovirus + booster
‡‡
Received 2 mRNA or 1 adenovirus vaccines but no booster
§§
Received 1 mRNA vaccine