Table 1.

ncRNAs in the regulation of astrocyte- and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in chronic neurodegenerative diseases

	ncRNAs	Target	Function
AD	miR-22↑		Improve neurological function and neuroinflammation [28]
AD	miR-146a↑	TRAF6	Led to synaptogenesis and correction of cognitive impairment [29]
AD	miR-155↑	SOCS1	Contributes to neuroinflammation [30]
AD	let-7b↑	TLR7	Promotes microglia activation [31]
AD	miR-592↑	KIAA0319	Promotes oxidative stress injury [32]
AD	miR-135a↑	Thrombospondin 1	Promotes neuronal apoptosis [33]
AD	miR-206↑	IGF1	Induces inflammation and Aβ release in microglia [34]
AD	miR-34a↓	TREM2	Inhibits the ability of microglia to catabolize Aβ42 [35]
AD	miR-155↑		Promotes the ability of microglia to catabolize Aβ42 [36]
AD	miR-331-3p	Sequestosome 1	Ameliorates Alzheimer's disease by enhancing autophagy [37]
AD	miR-9-5p	Optineurin	Ameliorates Alzheimer's disease by enhancing autophagy [37]
AD	miR-138↑	Sirt1	Contributes to Aβ42 production and neuroinflammation [38]
AD	lncMEG3↓	PI3K/Akt	Improves cognitive impairment, alleviates neuronal damage [39]
AD	lncUCA1↑	miR-1/Hes1	Regulates neural stem cell differentiation [40]
AD	circNF1-419↑	Dynamin-1, AP2B1	Enhances astrocytes autophagy to ameliorate senile dementia [41]
PD	miR-155↑		Promotes microgliosis and proinflammatory response [48]
PD	miR-7116-5p↓	TNF-α	Suppresses TNF-α production and inflammatory responses [49]
PD	miR-335↓	LRRK2	Alleviates inflammatory responses [50]
PD	miR-124↓	MEKK3	Attenuates microglia activation and neuroinflammation [51]
PD	miR-124↓	p38, p62	Attenuates microglia activation and neuroinflammation [52]
PD	miR-3473b↑	TREM2	Promotes the activation of microglia and inhibits autophagy [53]
PD	miR-19a-3p↑	PTEN/AKT/mTOR	Suppress autophagy in recipient microglia [54]
PD	miR-7↓	NLRP3	Modulates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation [55]
PD	lncSNHG1↑	miR-7/NLRP3	Promotes microglia activation and NLRP3 inflammasome [56]
PD	lncGAS5↑	miR-223-3p/NLRP3	Promotes microglial inflammatory response [57]
PD	lncMALAT1↑	EZH2/NRF2	Promotes inflammasome activation and ROS production [58]
PD	lncHOXA11-AS↑	miR-124-3p/FSTL1	Enhances microglia activation and neurological damages [59]
PD	lincRNA-p21↑	miR-181/PKC-δ	Facilitates sustained microglial activation [60]
ALS	miR-155↑		Promotes dysfunctional microglia and deteriorate disease [65]
ALS	miR-125b↑	A20	Promotes microglia activation and motor neuron death [66]
ALS	miR-146a↓	IRAK1, TRAF6	Reverts astrocytes aberrancies [67]
ALS	miR-124↓	Sox2, Sox9	Modulates astrocytic differentiation of neural stem cells [68]
ALS	miR-494-3p↓	SEMA3A	Increases MN survival [70]
ALS	miR-218↑	EAAT2	Promotes astrogliosis [71]
MS	miR-155↑	CD47	Promote neuroinflammation [75]
MS	miR-155↑	SOCS1	Promotes inflammatory responses in microglia and astrocytes [77]
MS	miR-155↑	Annexin-2, Claudin-1, DOCK-1, Syntenin-1	Negatively regulates BBB function [78]
MS	miR-146a↑	IRAK1	Promotes OPC differentiation and enhances remyelination [79]
MS	miR-146a↑	Syt1, Nlg1	Decreases density of dendritic spines and excitatory synapses [80]
MS	miR-223↑	ATG16L1	Suppresses autophagy and promotes CNS inflammation [81]
MS	miR-223↑	RASA1	Promotes regenerative myeloid cell phenotype and function [82]
MS	miR-124↓	C/EBP-α-PU.1	Promotes microglia quiescence and suppresses EAE [83]
MS	miR-30a↑	Ppargc1b	Promotes microglial inflammatory response and aggravates EAE [84]
MS	miR-23b↓	TAB2, TAB3, IKK-α	Suppresses IL-17-associated autoimmune inflammation [86]
MS	miR-873↑	A20/NF-κB	Contributes to the inflammatory response and EAE pathogenesis [87]
MS	miR-409-3/1896↑	SOCS3/STAT3	Promotes inflammatory cytokine production and EAE pathogenesis [88]
MS	lncGm13568↑	CBP/P300	Contributes to the pathogenesis of EAE [89]
MS	lncGAS5↓	PRC2	Inhibits microglial M2 polarization and exacerbates demyelination [90]
MS	lncHOTAIR↓	miR-136-5p/AKT2	Promotes M1 microglial polarization and suppresses remyelination [91]