Table 2.
ncRNAs in the regulation of astrocyte- and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in acute neurodegenerative disease
| ncRNAs | Target | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IS | miR-146a↑ | IRAK1/TRAF6 | Reduces microglial-mediated neuroinflammation [93] |
| IS | miR-1906↑ | TLR4 | Inhibits poststroke inflammation and ameliorates brain injury [99] |
| IS | miR-669c↑ | MyD88 | Modulates microglial/macrophage toward anti-inflammatory phenotype [100] |
| IS | miR-124↑ | USP14 | Induces neuroprotection and functional improvement [101, 102] |
| IS | miR-424↓ | NFIA | Inhibits microglia activation and astrogliosis [104, 105] |
| IS | let-7c-5p↓ | Caspase 3 | Suppresses microglia activation [106] |
| IS | miR-98↑ | PAFR | Prevents salvageable neurons from microglial phagocytosis [107] |
| IS | miR-98↑ | Protects BBB and improves neurological outcomes [108] | |
| IS | miR-15a/16-1↑ | Claudin-5 | Exacerbate BBB dysfunction [109] |
| IS | miR-3473b↑ | SOCS3 | Enhances post-stroke neuroinflammation injury [110] |
| IS | miR-181c↓ | BCL-2, BAX | Promotes apoptosis of microglia and neurons [111] |
| IS | miR-148b↑ | Wnt/β-catenin | Attenuates proliferation and differentiation of NSC [112] |
| IS | miR-365↑ | PAX6 | Inhibits astrocyte-to-neuron conversion [113] |
| IS | lnc1810034E14Rik↑ | p65 | Reduces microglia activation and alleviates brain damage [116] |
| IS | lncNEAT1↑ | AKT/STAT3 | Inhibits M1 microglial polarization [117] |
| IS | lncH19↑ | TNF-α, CD11b | Promotes M1 microglial polarization [118] |
| IS | lncTUG1↑ | miR-145a-5p | Promotes M1 microglial polarization [119] |
| IS | lncGAS5↑ | miR-146a/Notch1 | Suppresses microglial M2 polarization and promotes M1 polarization [120] |
| IS | lncMALAT1↑ | miR-145/AQP4 | Increases astrocytes apoptosis [121] |
| IS | lncNespas↑ | TAK1/TRIM8 | Inhibits microglia apoptosis and neuroinflammation [122] |
| IS | lncU90926↑ | MDH2/CXCL2 | Facilitates neutrophil infiltration [123] |
| IS | lncPnky↓ | PTBP1 | Promoted the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and astrocytes [124] |
| IS | circ-HECTD1↑ | miR-142/TIPARP | Promotes astrocyte autophagy [125] |
| IS | circ-SHOC2↑ | miR-7670-3p/SIRT1 | Inhibits neuronal autophagy and ameliorates ischemic brain injury [126] |
| TBI | miR-142↑ | Contributes to astrocyte activation and brain inflammation [129] | |
| TBI | miR-155↑ | Contributes to progressive neuroinflammatory responses [130, 131] | |
| TBI | miR-200b↓ | cJun/MAPK | Inhibits microglial inflammatory responses [132] |
| TBI | miR-17-92↑ | GP130, CNTFR, JAK2, STAT3 | Promotes neuronal differentiation of grafted NSCs [133] |
| TBI | miR-9-5p↑ | Thbs-2 | Promotes astrocyte proliferation and synaptic remodeling [134] |
| TBI | miR-124-3p↑ | Rela/ApoE | Alleviates neurodegeneration and improves cognitive outcome [136] |
| TBI | miR-124-3p↑ | PDE4B/mTOR | Inhibits neuronal inflammation and contributes to neurite outgrowth [137] |
| TBI | miR-21-5p↑ | Promotes polarization of M1 microglia [138] | |
| TBI | miR-873a-5p↑ | NF-κB | Attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation [139] |
| TBI | lncMeg3↑ | miR-7a-5p/Nlrp3 | Promotes microglial activation and inflammation [141] |
| TBI | lncKCNQ1OT1↑ | miR-873-5p/TRAF6 | Facilitates M1 microglia polarization [142] |
| TBI | lncHOTAIR↑ | MYD88 | Promotes microglia activation and inflammatory factor release [143] |
| TBI | lncGm4419↑ | miR-466l/TNF-α | Promotes trauma-induced astrocyte apoptosis [144] |
| TBI | lncMalat1↓ | IL-6, AQP4 | Reduces astrocyte swelling and ameliorates brain edema [145] |
| TBI | lncNKILA↑ | miR-195/NLRX1 | Alleviates neuronal injury [146] |
| SCI | miR-17-5p↑ | JAK/STAT3 | Promotes astrocyte proliferation [150] |
| SCI | miR-145↓ | GFAP, c-myc | Inhibits astrogliosis [151] |
| SCI | miR-21↑ | PTEN | Regulates astrocytic function and promotes the functional recovery [152] |
| SCI | miR-124↑ | MYH9 | Inhibits microglia activation and phagocytic activity [154, 155] |
| SCI | miR-216a-5p↑ | TLR4 | Shifts microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype [157] |
| SCI | miR-340-5p↓ | P38 | Ameliorates SCI-induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis [158] |
| SCI | lncZeb2os↑ | Zeb | Promotes reactive astrogliosis [159, 160] |
| SCI | lncGm37494↑ | miR-130b-3p/PPARγ | Shifts microglial M1/M2 polarization [161] |
| SCI | lncMALAT1↑ | miR-199b/IKKβ | Contributes to inflammatory response of microglia [162] |
| SCI | lncXIST↑ | miR-27a/Smurf1 | Promotes the apoptosis and inflammatory injury of microglia [163] |
| SCI | lncFtx↓ | miR-382-5p/Nrg1 | Reduces the inflammation response of microglia [164] |
| SCI | lncLEF1-AS1↑ | miR-222-5p/RAMP3 | Promotes apoptosis and inflammatory injury of microglia [165] |
| SCI | lncCCAT1↓ | miR-218/NFAT5 | Alleviating apoptosis and inflammation damage of astrocytes [166] |
| SCI | lncF630028O10Rik↑ | miR-1231-5p/Col1a1 | Enhances microglial pyroptosis [167] |
| SCI | lncSNHG5↑ | KLF4 | Enhances astrocytes and microglia viability [168] |
| SCI | circRNA_01477↓ | miR-423-5p | Promotes astrocyte proliferation and migration [169] |