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. 2023 Jul 22;18:525. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-03996-y

Table 1.

Joint position test methods

Procedure and outcomes Remarks
Method of reproduction Passive
Tested limb Both limbs
Testing position Sitting
Equipment Biodex dynamometer (system 4)
Demonstrating side Ipsilateral
Direction of knee motion Extension Flexion
Starting angle 90°
Target angle 30° and 60° 30° and 60°
Angular velocity 5°/s
Memorization time for target angle 5 s
Number of trials per target angle 6
Outcome measurement

Absolute error

Constant error

Variable error