Table 3.

Multivariate logistic regression of associations of delays in care-seeking with sociodemographic information, COVID-19 beliefs, income, and food insecurity, by country

	Burkina Faso		Ghana		Sierra Leone
Variable	Adjusted OR [CI]	p value	Adjusted OR [CI]	p value	Adjusted OR [CI]	p value
Age					n/aa
18–30	Reference	-	Reference	-	-	-
31–40	1.84 [1.09–3.12]	0.02*	1.59 [1.00–2.53]	0.048*	-	-
41 +	1.36 [0.69–2.66]	0.37	1.45 [0.84–2.53]	0.19	-	-
Male/Female			n/a		n/a
Male	Reference	-	-	-	-	-
Female	2.02 [1.30–3.14]	0.002**	-	-	-	-
Location	n/a				n/a
Non-Urban	-	-	Reference	-	-	-
Urban	-	-	0.70 [0.47–1.04]	0.08	-	-
Highest level of education completed	n/a				n/a
Less than secondary	-	-	Reference	-	-	-
Secondary or vocational	-	-	0.89 [0.56–1.43]	0.63	-	-
Post-secondary	-	-	1.30 [0.79–2.12]	0.30	-	-
Feels that someone household is at risk of contracting COVID-19
No	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Yes	1.44 [0.89–2.34]	0.14	1.63 [1.08–2.45]	0.02*	2.17 [1.06–4.47]	0.03*
Perception of government’s reaction to COVID-19 outbreak	n/a
Much too extreme	-	-	(Reference)	-	(Reference)	-
Somewhat too extreme	-	-	0.32 [0.06–1.75]	0.19	0.34 [0.09–1.30]	0.12
Appropriate	-	-	0.72 [0.28–1.81]	0.48	0.37 [0.11–1.17]	0.09
Somewhat insufficient	-	-	1.2 [0.42–3.39]	0.73	0.18 [0.03–0.93]	0.04*
Not sufficient	-	-	0.55 [0.20–1.52]	0.25	0.12 [0.01–1.30]	0.08
Amount of pay earned in the past weekb	n/a		n/a
More or the same income	-	-	-	-	Reference	-
Less or no income	-	-	-	-	0.56 [0.23–1.33]	0.19
Food insecurityc
No	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Yes	2.14 [1.29–3.55]	0.003**	1.46 [0.96–2.22]	0.08	1.47 [0.60–3.59]	0.39

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^aNot included due to lack of significance in bivariate analyses

^bCompared to a week in mid-March

^cSmaller portions, reducing number of meals, or unable to buy food