Table 3.

Multilevel Mixed Effect Linear Regression Analysis of Individual and Community-Level Factors Associated with Hemoglobin Level Among Pregnant Women in Southern Ethiopia

Variable	Null Model	Model I	Model II	Model III
Hemoglobin level	11.74 (11.45, 12.02)**
Health facility distance			−0.08 (−0.12, −0.029)**	−0.10 (−0.15, −0.06)**
Moringa Consumption
No			1	1
Yes			0.99 (0.61, 1.36)**	0.90 (0.54, 1.27)**
Place of residence
Rural			1	1
Urban			0.63 (0.27, 0.98)*	0.57 (0.22, 0.92)*
House hold head
Husband		0.75 (0.26, 1.23)*		0.87 (0.40, 1.33)**
Wife		1		1
Number of under 5 children
No		0.27 (−0.06, 0.61)		0.32 (−0.01, 0.64)
One		0.47 (0.13, 0.81)*		0.49 (0.17, 0.82)*
Two		1		1
Bleeding faced in this pregnancy
No		1		1
Yes		−1.06 (−1.95,0.17)*		−1.07 (−1.91, −0.22)*
ANC visit
No		1		1
Yes		0.45 (0.16, 0.75)*		0.45 (0.17, 0.74)*
Variance
Between district	0.26 (0.11, 0.64)	0.24, (0.09, 0.58)	0.21(0.09, 0.53)	0.21 (0.08, 0.52)
Between individual	1.90 (1.67, 2.17)	1.78 (1.56, 2.03)	1.74 (1.53, 1.99)	1.61 (1.41, 1.83)
ICC%	12.12%	11.75%	10.88%	11.72%
Model comparison
Log likelihood	−813.25733, 1	−798.01195, 30.49	−792.06777, 42.38	−773.98152, 78.55
AIC	1632.515	1612.024	1596.136	1569.963
BIC	1644.908	1645.074	1620.923	1615.407

Notes: 1: Reference group, *p-value 0.05–0.01, **p-value <0.01.