Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population at Time of HF Diagnosis Stratified According to eGFR at Baseline
| eGFR ≥60 | eGFR 30–59 | eGFR <30 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals, No. (%) | 25,438 | 13,723 | 3159 | |
| Age, No. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <65 | 8930 (35.1) | 1241 (9.0) | 327 (10.4) | |
| 65≤age<80 | 11,719 (46.1) | 5758 (42.0) | 1132 (35.8) | |
| ≥80 | 4789 (18.8) | 6724 (49.0) | 1700 (53.8) | |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 16,500 (64.9) | 7904 (57.6) | 1804 (57.1) | <0.001 |
| Frailty score, median [IQR] | 2.3 [0.0;6.0] | 4.2 [1.4;9.0] | 7.9 [3.8;13.7] | NA |
| Frailty risk group, No. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 17,731 (69.7) | 7574 (55.2) | 1033 (32.7) | |
| Intermediate | 6325 (24.9) | 4713 (34.3) | 1448 (45.8) | |
| High | 1382 (5.4) | 1436 (10.5) | 678 (21.5) | |
| Plasma creatinine, mean (SD) | 77 (16) | 117 (23) | 278 (180) | <0.001 |
| Plasma potassium, median [IQR]* | 4.0 [3.9;4.1] | 4.0 [3.9;4.3] | 4.0 [3.9;4.5] | NA |
| Outpatient primary diagnosis, No. (%) | 16,496 (64.8) | 7297 (53.2) | 1399 (44.3) | <0.001 |
| Pharmacotherapy, No. (%) | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 11,459 (45.0) | 7522 (54.8) | 1877 (59.4) | <0.001 |
| Renin-angiotensin inhibitor | 13,419 (52.8) | 8101 (59.0) | 1613 (51.1) | <0.001 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 2790 (11.0) | 2164 (15.8) | 364 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| Loop diuretics | 8303 (32.6) | 7652 (55.8) | 2303 (72.9) | <0.001 |
| Glucose-lowering drugs | 4244 (16.7) | 3057 (22.3) | 974 (30.8) | <0.001 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 2628 (10.3) | 1722 (12.5) | 290 (9.2) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulants | 7587 (29.8) | 5937 (43.3) | 1160 (36.7) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelets | 9541 (37.5) | 5442 (39.7) | 1432 (45.3) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity, No. (%) | ||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 7828 (30.8) | 4336 (31.6) | 1189 (37.6) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1008 (4.0) | 796 (5.8) | 301 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 6721 (26.4) | 5411 (39.4) | 1130 (35.8) | <0.001 |
| Anemia** | 6962 (27.4) | 5782 (42.1) | 2227 (70.5) | <0.001 |
| Hyponatremia*** | 2081 (8.2) | 1048 (7.6) | 321 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 1985 (7.8) | 1252 (9.1) | 363 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| Device | 382 (1.5) | 225 (1.6) | 50 (1.6) | 0.568 |
Notes: *Among 39,988 patients (94.5%) who had available data on potassium levels at inclusion. Not normal distributed. **According to WHO definition of anemia. Among 38,929 patients (92.0%) who had available data on haemoglobin levels at inclusion. ***Defined as plasma sodium below 135 mmol/l. Among 40,023 patients (94.6%) who had available data on sodium levels at inclusion.
Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile ranges; No., number; SD, standard deviation.