Table 3.
Predictors of Recurrence Free, Cancer-Specific and Overall Survival
| Variable | Recurrence-Free Survival | Cancer-Specific Survival | Overall Survival | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age | 0.282 | 0.171 | 0.018 | 0.091 | ||||||||
| <65 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| ≥65 | 1.34 (0.79–2.30) | 1.68 (0.80–3.52) | 2.15 (1.14–4.07) | 1.79 (0.91–3.50) | ||||||||
| Gender | 0.60 (0.32–1.13) | 0.114 | 0.73 (0.31–1.70) | 0.462 | 0.84 (0.41–1.73) | 0.632 | ||||||
| Smoking | 1.02 (0.59–1.79) | 0.933 | 1.04 (0.47–2.29) | 0.922 | 0.92 (0.46–1.86) | 0.819 | ||||||
| Alcohol | 1.43 (0.80–2.58) | 0.229 | 1.04 (0.42–2.56) | 0.932 | 0.74 (0.31–1.77) | 0.495 | ||||||
| Diabetes | 0.96 (0.50–1.86) | 0.912 | 0.85 (0.35–2.10) | 0.731 | 0.71 (0.34–1.50) | 0.365 | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1.37 (0.82–2.29) | 0.233 | 1.44 (0.69–3.00) | 0.327 | 1.78 (0.93–3.42) | 0.082 | ||||||
| BMI | 0.909 | 0.146 | 0.339 | |||||||||
| <24 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||||
| ≥24 | 1.03 (0.61–1.73) | 0.58 (0.28–1.21) | 0.73 (0.39–1.39) | |||||||||
| ECOG | 0.015* | 0.456 | 0.007* | 0.893 | 0.005 | 0.301 | ||||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| ≥1 | 1.90 (1.13–3.19) | 1.24 (0.71–2.18) | 2.76 (1.33–5.74) | 0.94 (0.39–2.28) | 2.48 (1.31–4.69) | 1.46 (0.71–2.99) | ||||||
| CCI | 0.879 | 0.510 | 0.314 | |||||||||
| 0–1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||||
| ≥2 | 1.06 (0.50–2.24) | 1.38 (0.53–3.63) | 1.52 (0.67–3.46) | |||||||||
| Pathologic tumor size, cm | 0.004 | 0.753 | 0.001 | 0.252 | 0.002 | 0.283 | ||||||
| <4 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| ≥4 | 2.19 (1.28–3.77) | 1.10 (0.61–2.00) | 5.32 (2.03–13.93) | 1.86 (0.65–5.35) | 3.17 (1.54–6.52) | 1.54 (0.70–3.41) | ||||||
| Pathological tumor stage | <0.001* | 0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | ||||||
| pT1-pT2 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| pT3-pT4 | 4.07 (2.31–7.16) | 2.78 (1.50–5.18) | 7.65 (3.67–15.93) | 5.61 (2.42–13.02) | 5.63 (2.91–10.90) | 4.50 (2.17–9.34) | ||||||
| Pathological node stage | <0.001* | 0.111 | 0.008 | 0.281 | 0.027 | 0.436 | ||||||
| pN0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| pN1 | 15.64 (3.80–64.32) | 3.59 (0.75–7.27) | 14.86 (2.01–110.00) | 3.37 (0.37–30.57) | 9.53 (1.30–69.85) | 2.37 (0.27–20.71) | ||||||
| Fuhrman grade | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.004* | <0.001* | 0.068 | ||||||
| 1–2 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 3–4 | 6.19 (3.65–10.50) | 3.83 (2.10–7.02) | 11.57 (4.93–27.16) | 4.22 (1.57–11.35) | 4.99 (2.62–9.52) | 2.07 (0.95–4.54) | ||||||
| Tumor necrosis | 5.24 (2.82–9.74) | <0.001* | 2.18 (1.08–4.40) | 0.029* | 10.28 (4.83–21.87) | <0.001* | 3.22 (1.30–8.00) | 0.012* | 6.29 (3.04–13.01) | <0.001* | 2.39 (1.01–5.64) | 0.048* |
| NLR | <0.001* | 0.115 | <0.001* | 0.001* | <0.001* | 0.001* | ||||||
| <3.4 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| ≥3.4 | 3.02 (1.63–5.60) | 1.80 (0.87–3.74) | 7.14 (3.40–15.02) | 5.40 (2.03–14.36) | 5.28 (2.69–10.35) | 4.42 (1.88–10.40) | ||||||
| PLR | 0.001* | 0.285 | <0.001* | 0.067 | <0.001* | 0.051 | ||||||
| <157.3 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| ≥157.3 | 2.44 (1.41–4.22) | 1.43 (0.74–2.77) | 4.37 (2.11–9.06) | 2.38 (0.94–6.02) | 3.45 (1.81–6.58) | 2.18 (1.00–4.74) | ||||||
| LMR | <0.001* | 0.101 | 0.003* | 0.435 | 0.014* | 0.179 | ||||||
| <2.7 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| ≥2.7 | 0.32 (0.19–0.55) | 0.57 (0.30–1.12) | 0.31 (0.15–0.67) | 1.47 (0.56–3.83) | 0.42 (0.21–0.84) | 1.83 (0.76–4.42) | ||||||
| RDW | 0.512 | 0.628 | 0.595 | |||||||||
| <13.1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||||
| ≥13.1 | 0.84 (0.50–1.41) | 1.21 (0.56–2.60) | 1.20 (0.61–2.35) | |||||||||
Note: *Statistically significant.
Abbreviations: HR (95% CI), Hazard Ratio (95% confidence interval); BMI, body mass index; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; NLR, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; RDW, red blood cell distribution width.