Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Jul 19;16:3019–3032. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S413358

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2023 Song et al.

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

PMC Copyright notice

The effect of macrophage supernatants on VSMC calcification. VSMCs were separately cultured with the supernatant of M0, M1 or M2 macrophages and calcification-inducing medium (1:1 proportions) (ANOVA, *Stands for p<0.05, **Stands for p<0.01, ***Stands for p <0.001, and ****Stands for p <0.0001). (a) Alizarin red staining of VSMCs cocultured with supernatants from the different macrophages (the location of calcification nodules was marked with black arrows). (b) Cetylpyridinium chloride assays quantitated calcification levels in VSMCs cocultured with supernatants from the different macrophage subtypes. (c) The mRNA expression of calcification-related genes, including BMP2, ALP and Runx2, in VSMCs was examined by real-time PCR. (d) The mRNA expression of CA1 and CA2 in VSMCs was examined by real-time PCR. (e) CA1 and CA2 protein expression in VSMCs was examined by Western blot analysis. (f) The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the culture medium of VSMCs that were cultured with macrophage supernatant were examined by flow cytometry. M1 culture supernatant stimulated calcification, increased CA1 and CA2 expression in VSMCs, and elevated IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the cocultures.