Table 3.

Prenatal cannabis use disorder and cause of death¹ in the first year of life among singleton live-births in California (2011-2018)

	Prenatal cannabis use disorder diagnosis (n=34,544)		No prenatal cannabis use disorder diagnosis (n=3,425,011)
	n	Prevalence per 1,000 births	n	Prevalence per 1,000 births	Unadjusted hazard ratio	Adjusted² hazard ratio
Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96)	137	4.0	5109	1.5	2.7 (2.2, 3.2)	1.5 (1.2, 1.8)⁵
Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99)	52	1.5	3400	1.0	1.5 (1.2, 2.0)	1.2 (0.8, 1.6)
Within hospital- missing³	22	0.6	1735	0.5	1.3 (0.8, 1.9)	0.9 (0.6, 1.5)
Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)⁴	76	2.2	1275	0.4	5.9 (4.7, 7.5)	1.5 (1.1, 1.9)
External causes of morbidity and mortality (V01-Y98)⁴	30	0.9	518	0.2	5.8 (4.0, 8.3)	1.7 (1.1, 2.7)
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)	6	0.2	251	0.1	2.4 (1.1, 5.3)	1.0 (0.4, 2.5)
Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99)	6	0.2	242	0.1	2.5 (1.1, 5.6)	1.6 (0.7, 3.9)
Diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99)	9	0.3	223	0.1	4.0 (2.1, 7.8)	1.9 (0.9, 4.0)
Sudden unexpected infant death (R95, R99, W75)⁴	88	2.5	1461	0.4	6.0 (4.8, 7.4)	1.5 (1.2, 1.9)

Models only performed where count of deaths > 5

Models adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, race/ethnicity, payer source for delivery, anxiety diagnosis, depression diagnosis, bipolar disorder, prenatal nicotine use, alcohol use diagnosis, other substance use diagnoses, and maternal age

Cause of death was unknown for deaths occurring in the hospital

⁴

R95 (sudden infant death syndrome), W75 (accidental suffocation or strangulation in bed), and R99 (unknown cause) make up the diagnosis of sudden unexpected infant death

⁵

Proportional hazards assumption met when stratified by timing of death; death in first 7 days of life: aHR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0, 1.7; death after first 7 days of life: aHR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.0