Table 1.
Characteristics of Adults With CHB in the IT Phase, by Age Group, and Overall, vs Adults in the HBeAg+ IA Phase
| Variable | <30 (n = 52), n (%) | IT by age, y 30 to <40 (n = 33), n (%) | ≥40 (n = 22), n (%) | P age trend | IT (n = 107), n (%) | IA (n = 192), n (%) | P IT vs IA | P ≥40 IT vs IA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Sex | .45 | .04 | .96 | |||||
| Male | 19 (36.5) | 11 (33.3) | 11 (50.0) | 41 (38.3) | 97 (50.5) | |||
| Female | 33 (63.5) | 22 (66.7) | 11 (50.0) | 66 (61.7) | 95 (49.5) | |||
| Race | n = 51 | .57 | n = 106 | n = 191 | < .001 | .20 | ||
| Asian | 49 (96.1) | 32 (97.0) | 20 (90.9) | 101 (95.3) | 152 (79.6) | |||
| Non-Asian | 2 (3.9) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (9.1) | 5 (4.7) | 39 (20.4) | |||
| Continent of birth | .03 | n = 186 | .27 | .23 | ||||
| Asia | 36 (69.2) | 31 (93.9) | 19 (86.4) | 86 (80.4) | 139 (74.7) | |||
| Other | 16 (30.8) | 2 (6.1) | 3 (13.6) | 21 (19.6) | 47 (25.3) | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | n = 49 | n = 28 | n = 19 | .31 | n = 97 | n = 174 | .07 | .98 |
| Median (IQR) | 23.1 (19.9–24.9) | 22.2 (20.6–25.6) | 23.6 (22.3–25.9) | 23.3 (20.2–25.7) | 23.8 (21.1–26.8) | |||
| Presumed mode of transmission | n = 48 | n = 25 | n = 16 | .26 | n = 89 | n = 141 | .26 | .65 |
| Vertical | 40 (83.3) | 16 (64.0) | 12 (75.0) | 68 (76.4) | 98 (69.5) | |||
| Horizontal | 8 (16.7) | 9 (36.0) | 4 (25.0) | 21 (23.6) | 43 (30.5) | |||
| Estimated duration of infection | n = 47 | n = 27 | n = 15 | < .001 | n = 89 | n = 140 | .39 | < .001 |
| Median (IQR) | 23.0 (20.0–25.9) | 34.1 (30.0–37.0) | 47.0 (41.8–52.0) | 26.0 (22.0–36.9) | 29.0 (22.0–39.0) | |||
| Estimated duration of infection among those with horizontal transmission | n = 6 | n = 7 | n = 2 | .08 | n = 15 | n = 28 | .18 | .51 |
| Median (IQR) | 19.0 (16.0–22.7) | 31.0 (21.5–37.0) | 30.0 (12.0–48.0) | 22.7 (16.0–34.0) | 18.0 (10.0–30.8) | |||
| ALT × ULN | .95 | < .001 | < .001 | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 3.1 (2.1–4.8) | |||
| ALT, U/L | .67 | < .001 | < .001 | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 24 (18–30) | 24 (19–29) | 24 (19–37) | 24 (19–30) | 76.5 (52–118.5) | |||
| AST, U/L | .63 | n = 188 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 23 (19.5–25) | 22 (21 –24) | 23 (20–29) | 22 (20–26) | 48 (36–70.5) | |||
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | n = 51 | n = 30 | n = 20 | .34 | n = 101 | n = 182 | < .001 | .32 |
| Median (IQR) | 67 (59–79) | 61.5 (53–67) | 72 (50–92.5) | 64 (55–77) | 73.5 (60–91) | |||
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | n = 32 | .38 | n = 106 | n = 188 | .90 | .15 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | |||
| Albumin, g/dL | n = 32 | n = 20 | .02 | n = 104 | n = 182 | .02 | .34 | |
| Median (IQR) | 4.4 (4.2–4.6) | 4.3 (4.2–4.5) | 4.2 (3.9–4.3) | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) | 4.2 (3.9–4.4) | |||
| Platelets, × 103/mm3 | n = 48 | n = 30 | n = 15 | .11 | n = 93 | n = 167 | .002 | .46 |
| Median (IQR) | 235 (205–266) | 221 (172–252) | 215 (171–266) | 228 (195–266) | 202 (167–243) | |||
| APRI | n=48 | n=30 | n=15 | 0.27 | n=93 | n=165 | <.001 | <.001 |
| <0.5 | 46 (95.8) | 28 (93.3) | 13 (86.7) | 87 (93.5) | 55 (33.3) | |||
| 0.5–1.5 | 1 (2.1) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (13.3) | 5 (5.4) | 83 (50.3) | |||
| >1.5 | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 27 (16.4) | |||
| HBsAg (log10 IU/mL) | n = 47 | n = 24 | n = 15 | .34 | n = 87 | n = 163 | < .001 | .02 |
| Median (IQR) | 4.7 (4.5–4.9) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 4.8 (4.6–5.0) | 4.8 (4.5–4.9) | 4.3 (3.7–4.7) | |||
| HBeAg, log10 IU/mL | n = 51 | n = 31 | .43 | n = 104 | n = 176 | < .001 | < .001 | |
| Median (IQR) | 3.3 (3.2–3.4) | 3.4 (3.2–3.5) | 3.4 (3.1–3.5) | 3.3 (3.2–3.4) | 2.9 (1.9–3.3) | |||
| HBV DNA, log10 IU/mL | n = 51 | n = 31 | .84 | n = 104 | n = 187 | < .001 | .004 | |
| Median (IQR) | 8.3 (8.1–8.5) | 8.3 (8.1–8.6) | 8.3 (8.1–8.4) | 8.3 (8.1–8.5) | 8.0 (7.0–8.3) | |||
| HBV genotype | n = 32 | n = 21 | .052 | n = 105 | n = 187 | < .001 | .29 | |
| B | 28 (53.8) | 12 (37.5) | 6 (28.6) | 46 (43.8) | 54 (28.9) | |||
| C | 22 (42.3) | 18 (56.3) | 13 (61.9) | 53 (50.5) | 89 (47.6) | |||
| Otherc | 2 (3.8) | 2 (6.3) | 2 (9.5) | 6 (5.7) | 44 (23.5) | |||
| PC mutation (G1896A) | n = 44 | n = 29 | n = 17 | .99 | n = 90 | n = 144 | .19 | .66 |
| Wild type | 42 (95.5) | 28 (96.6) | 16 (94.1) | 86 (95.6) | 131 (91.0) | |||
| Any mutation | 2 (4.5) | 1 (3.4) | 1 (5.9) | 4 (4.4) | 13 (9.0) | |||
| Any BCP mutation (A1762T orG1764A) | n = 42 | n = 29 | n = 15 | .99 | n = 86 | n = 135 | < .001 | .02 |
| Wild type | 35 (83.3) | 23 (79.3) | 13 (86.7) | 71 (82.6) | 76 (56.3) | |||
| Any mutation | 7 (16.7) | 6 (20.7) | 2 (13.3) | 15 (17.4) | 59 (43.7) | |||
Abbreviations: ALT, Alanine transaminase; APRI, AST-platelet-ratio index; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BCP, basal core promoter; BMI, body mass index; CHB, chronic hepatitis B virus; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HBRN, Hepatitis B Research Network; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; IA, immune active; IQR, interquartile range; IT, immunotolerant; PC, pre-core; ULN, upper limit of normal.