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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jul 16;21(6):1503–1512.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.06.015

Table 1.

Characteristics of Adults With CHB in the IT Phase, by Age Group, and Overall, vs Adults in the HBeAg+ IA Phase

Variable <30 (n = 52), n (%) IT by age, y 30 to <40 (n = 33), n (%) ≥40 (n = 22), n (%) P age trend IT (n = 107), n (%) IA (n = 192), n (%) P IT vs IA P ≥40 IT vs IA

Sex .45 .04 .96
 Male 19 (36.5) 11 (33.3) 11 (50.0) 41 (38.3) 97 (50.5)
 Female 33 (63.5) 22 (66.7) 11 (50.0) 66 (61.7) 95 (49.5)
Race n = 51 .57 n = 106 n = 191 < .001 .20
 Asian 49 (96.1) 32 (97.0) 20 (90.9) 101 (95.3) 152 (79.6)
 Non-Asian 2 (3.9) 1 (3.0) 2 (9.1) 5 (4.7) 39 (20.4)
Continent of birth .03 n = 186 .27 .23
 Asia 36 (69.2) 31 (93.9) 19 (86.4) 86 (80.4) 139 (74.7)
 Other 16 (30.8) 2 (6.1) 3 (13.6) 21 (19.6) 47 (25.3)
BMI, kg/m2 n = 49 n = 28 n = 19 .31 n = 97 n = 174 .07 .98
 Median (IQR) 23.1 (19.9–24.9) 22.2 (20.6–25.6) 23.6 (22.3–25.9) 23.3 (20.2–25.7) 23.8 (21.1–26.8)
Presumed mode of transmission n = 48 n = 25 n = 16 .26 n = 89 n = 141 .26 .65
 Vertical 40 (83.3) 16 (64.0) 12 (75.0) 68 (76.4) 98 (69.5)
 Horizontal 8 (16.7) 9 (36.0) 4 (25.0) 21 (23.6) 43 (30.5)
Estimated duration of infection n = 47 n = 27 n = 15 < .001 n = 89 n = 140 .39 < .001
 Median (IQR) 23.0 (20.0–25.9) 34.1 (30.0–37.0) 47.0 (41.8–52.0) 26.0 (22.0–36.9) 29.0 (22.0–39.0)
Estimated duration of infection among those with horizontal transmission n = 6 n = 7 n = 2 .08 n = 15 n = 28 .18 .51
 Median (IQR) 19.0 (16.0–22.7) 31.0 (21.5–37.0) 30.0 (12.0–48.0) 22.7 (16.0–34.0) 18.0 (10.0–30.8)
ALT × ULN .95 < .001 < .001
 Median (IQR) 1.1 (0.8–1.3) 1.1 (0.8–1.3) 1.1 (0.9–1.3) 1.1 (0.8–1.3) 3.1 (2.1–4.8)
ALT, U/L .67 < .001 < .001
 Median (IQR) 24 (18–30) 24 (19–29) 24 (19–37) 24 (19–30) 76.5 (52–118.5)
AST, U/L .63 n = 188 < .001 < .001
 Median (IQR) 23 (19.5–25) 22 (21 –24) 23 (20–29) 22 (20–26) 48 (36–70.5)
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L n = 51 n = 30 n = 20 .34 n = 101 n = 182 < .001 .32
 Median (IQR) 67 (59–79) 61.5 (53–67) 72 (50–92.5) 64 (55–77) 73.5 (60–91)
Total bilirubin, mg/dL n = 32 .38 n = 106 n = 188 .90 .15
 Median (IQR) 0.6 (0.4–1.0) 0.6 (0.4–0.9) 0.7 (0.6–0.9) 0.6 (0.4–0.9) 0.6 (0.5–0.8)
Albumin, g/dL n = 32 n = 20 .02 n = 104 n = 182 .02 .34
 Median (IQR) 4.4 (4.2–4.6) 4.3 (4.2–4.5) 4.2 (3.9–4.3) 4.3 (4.1–4.5) 4.2 (3.9–4.4)
Platelets, × 103/mm3 n = 48 n = 30 n = 15 .11 n = 93 n = 167 .002 .46
 Median (IQR) 235 (205–266) 221 (172–252) 215 (171–266) 228 (195–266) 202 (167–243)
APRI n=48 n=30 n=15 0.27 n=93 n=165 <.001 <.001
 <0.5 46 (95.8) 28 (93.3) 13 (86.7) 87 (93.5) 55 (33.3)
 0.5–1.5 1 (2.1) 2 (6.7) 2 (13.3) 5 (5.4) 83 (50.3)
 >1.5 1 (2.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.1) 27 (16.4)
HBsAg (log10 IU/mL) n = 47 n = 24 n = 15 .34 n = 87 n = 163 < .001 .02
 Median (IQR) 4.7 (4.5–4.9) 4.7 (4.4–5.0) 4.8 (4.6–5.0) 4.8 (4.5–4.9) 4.3 (3.7–4.7)
HBeAg, log10 IU/mL n = 51 n = 31 .43 n = 104 n = 176 < .001 < .001
 Median (IQR) 3.3 (3.2–3.4) 3.4 (3.2–3.5) 3.4 (3.1–3.5) 3.3 (3.2–3.4) 2.9 (1.9–3.3)
HBV DNA, log10 IU/mL n = 51 n = 31 .84 n = 104 n = 187 < .001 .004
 Median (IQR) 8.3 (8.1–8.5) 8.3 (8.1–8.6) 8.3 (8.1–8.4) 8.3 (8.1–8.5) 8.0 (7.0–8.3)
HBV genotype n = 32 n = 21 .052 n = 105 n = 187 < .001 .29
 B 28 (53.8) 12 (37.5) 6 (28.6) 46 (43.8) 54 (28.9)
 C 22 (42.3) 18 (56.3) 13 (61.9) 53 (50.5) 89 (47.6)
 Otherc 2 (3.8) 2 (6.3) 2 (9.5) 6 (5.7) 44 (23.5)
PC mutation (G1896A) n = 44 n = 29 n = 17 .99 n = 90 n = 144 .19 .66
 Wild type 42 (95.5) 28 (96.6) 16 (94.1) 86 (95.6) 131 (91.0)
 Any mutation 2 (4.5) 1 (3.4) 1 (5.9) 4 (4.4) 13 (9.0)
Any BCP mutation (A1762T orG1764A) n = 42 n = 29 n = 15 .99 n = 86 n = 135 < .001 .02
 Wild type 35 (83.3) 23 (79.3) 13 (86.7) 71 (82.6) 76 (56.3)
 Any mutation 7 (16.7) 6 (20.7) 2 (13.3) 15 (17.4) 59 (43.7)

Abbreviations: ALT, Alanine transaminase; APRI, AST-platelet-ratio index; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BCP, basal core promoter; BMI, body mass index; CHB, chronic hepatitis B virus; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HBRN, Hepatitis B Research Network; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; IA, immune active; IQR, interquartile range; IT, immunotolerant; PC, pre-core; ULN, upper limit of normal.