. 2023 Jul 22;60(2):2023018. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.2023018

Table 4. Effect of dietary Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GLPs) on serum immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors of broiler chickens at 42 days of age.

Items	GLP level (mg/kg)				SEM	P-value
Items	0	1000	2000	4000	SEM	Linear	Quadratic
IgA, mg/mL	4.35^c	6.24^b	7.56^a	7.01^ab	0.126	0.026	0.011
IgM, mg/mL	1.33	1.38	1.40	1.42	0.081	0.472	0.693
IgG, mg/mL	2.21^bc	2.57^b	3.65^a	3.29^a	0.132	0.015	0.031
IL-6, pg/mL	101.65^b	125.03^a	137.42^a	136.11^a	8.485	0.021	0.036
IL-1β, pg/mL	203.34^b	223.62^a	238.73^a	237.55^a	12.436	0.014	0.028
IL-4, ng/mL	74.22	78.68	82.36	81.03	4.598	0.089	0.525
IL-10, ng/mL	25.68^b	32.97^a	36.31^a	37.27^a	3.467	0.029	0.012
TNF-α, pg/mL	31.63^b	40.54^ab	47.94^a	46.32^a	4.831	0.042	0.033
IFN-γ, pg/mL	62.35^b	66.37^b	88.68^a	85.79^a	2.356	0.034	0.046

^a,b,c Means within rows with different superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05), whereas values with no letters or the same superscript letters are not significantly different (P > 0.05).

IgA, immunoglobulin (Ig)A; IgM, immunoglobulin (Ig)M; IgG, immunoglobulin (Ig)G; IL-1β, interleukin (IL)-1β; IL-6, interleukin (IL)-6; IL-4, interleukin (IL)-4; IL-10, interleukin (IL)-10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; SEM, standard error of the mean.