Fig. 1.

PM_2.5exposure-disparity and concentration-reduction curves. Each panel compares three approaches to emission reduction: location (green line), sector (blue line), and NAAQS-like (i.e., employing a concentration standard; here, 6 μg/m³; orange line). An “equal reduction” approach, where all emissions are reduced proportionately, would be a straight line (black dotted line). The location approach (green line) can eliminate national disparities with modest total emission reductions. Fig. 1 was obtained from ⁸⁸ with permission from the corresponding author.