Fig. 8.

Metformin and A769662 reverse MGO-induced GLO1 downregulation.

(A) Cells were pretreated with BBGC (10 μM), metformin (6 mM) and/or A769662 (25 μM) 30 min before MGO (100 μg/ml) stimulation. After 4 h, cell viability was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining using FACS. (B) Cells were treated with siRNA to silence GLO1, then treated with MGO (100 or 300 μg/ml) for 6 h. Cell viability was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining using FACS. (C–E) Cells were pretreated with metformin (6 mM) and/or A769662 (25 μM) 30 min prior to MGO (300 μg/ml) stimulation. (C) After incubation for 1, 3, or 6 h, cell lysates were prepared for immunoblotting. (D) After incubation for 2 or 4 h, GLO1 gene expression was measured using PCR analysis. (E) After incubation for 3 or 6 h, GLO1 and GLO2 activities were determined by commercial kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. Data were the mean ± S.E.M. from at least 3 independent experiments. *p < 0.05, indicating the significant effect of MGO. #p < 0.05, indicating the blockade effects of metformin and A769662.