Table 1.

The classification of major GSLs and their taxonomic distribution among important Brassicaceae species.

Precursor amino acid	Group	Trivial name	Numberc	Semisystemic name	Arabidopsis thalianab	Brassica carinata	Brassica juncea	Brassica napus	Brassica nigra	Brassica oleraceab	Brassica rapab	Eruca sativa	Lepidium sativum	Nasturtium officinale	Raphanus sativus	Sinapis alba
					Seeda	Seed	Seed	Seed	Seed	Leaf	Leaf	Leaf	Seed	Leaf	Root	Seed
Met	C3	sinigrin	107	2-propenyl GSL	0	+++	+	tr,†	+++	+	0	0	0	0	0	tr
		glucoiberverin	95	3-(methylthio)propyl GSL	tr	0	tr	0	0	tr	0	0	0	0	0	0
		glucoiberin	73	3-(methylsulfinyl)propyl GSL	tr	0	tr	0	0	+	0	0	0	tr	0	0
	C4	glucoerucin	84	4-(methylthio)butyl GSL	+++	0	+	tr	0	tr	tr,†	+	0	0	+,†	0
		glucoraphasatin	83	4-(methylthio)but-3-enyl GSL	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	+++	0
		glucoraphanin	64	4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl GSL	+	0	+	+	0	++	tr,†	++	0	0	tr	0
		glucoraphenin	63	4-(methylsulfinyl)but-3-enyl GSL	0	0	0	0	0	+	0	0	0	0	++,†	0
		gluconapin	12	3-butenyl GSL	0	tr	+++	++	0	tr	+++	0	0	0	0	tr
		progoitrin	24R	(R)-2-hydroxybut-3-enyl GSL	0	+	+	+++	0	+	++	+	0	0	0	+
		epiprogoitrin	24S	(S)-2-hydroxybut-3-enyl GSL	0	0	0	tr	0	++	0	+,†	0	0	0	0
	C5	glucoberteroin	94	5-(methylthio)pentyl GSL	+	0	tr	tr	0	0	0	tr,†	0	0	0	0
		glucoalyssin	72	5-(methylsulfinyl)pentyl GSL	tr	0	tr	+	0	tr,†	+	tr	0	0	0	0
		glucobrassicanapin	101	4-pentenyl GSL	0	0	tr	+	0	tr	++	0	0	0	+,†	0
		gluconapoleiferin	38S	2-hydroxypent-4-enyl GSL	0	0	tr,†	tr	0	0	+	0	0	0	0	0
	C6–C10d				+++	0	0	tr,†	0	0	0	0	0	+	0	0
Phe/Tyr		glucotropaeolin	11	benzyl GSL	0	+	tr,†	0	0	0	0	tr,†	+++	tr	0	tr
		sinalbin	23	4-hydroxybenzyl GSL	0	0	0	tr,†	0	0	0	tr,†	0	0	0	+++
		gluconasturtiin	105	2-phenylethyl GSL	tr	0	tr	tr	tr	+	tr,†	tr	0	+++	+,†	0
		glucobarbarins	40	2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl GSLs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	+	0	0
Trp		glucobrassicin	43	3-indolylmethyl GSL	+	tr	tr	tr	tr	++	+	tr	0	+	tr	tr
		4-hydroxyglucobrassicin	28	4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL	tr	tr	tr,†	+	tr	0	tr,†	+	0	tr	tr,†	0
		neoglucobrassicin	47	1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL	0	0	tr	tr	0	tr,†	+	tr,†	0	0	0	tr
		4-methoxyglucobrassicin	48	4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL	0	0	tr	tr	tr	tr	tr	+	0	tr	tr	0
Ile		glucocochlearin	61	1-methylpropyl GSL	0	0	++	0	0	0	+	0	0	0	0	0

+++, the predominant GSL, which accounts for ≥40% of the total GSL content in an organ. ++, GSL that accounts for ≥20% and <40% of the total GSL content in an organ. +, GSL that accounts for ≥1% and <20% of the total GSL content in an organ. tr, GSL remains in trace amounts, accounting for <1% of the total GSL content in an organ. 0, GSL that was not detected in an organ. †, GSL that was detected in only a few cultivars but was absent in other cultivars of a species. All the GSL content provided here are dry weight data.

^aThe representative organ is selected to illustrate GSL profiles of each species.

^bGSL profiles of Col-0 ecotype, pak choi, and white cabbage are selected to represent A. thaliana, B. rapa, and B. oleracea, respectively.

^cThe bold GSL numbers proposed by Fahey et al. (2001) are listed here for reference in Supplemental Table 1. In particular, the number 40 is used to represent glucobarbarins, which include two epimers, glucobarbarin (40S) and epiglucobarbarin (40R).

^dLong-chain GSLs are included in the group C6–C10 and specified in Supplemental Table 1, which includes (1) 6-(methylthio)hexyl GSL (88), also glucolesquerellin; (2) 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl GSL (67), also glucohesperin; (3) 7-(methylthio)heptyl GSL (87); (4) 7-(methylsulfinyl)heptyl GSL (66), also glucoibarin; (5) 8-(methylthio)octyl GSL (92); (6) 8-(methylsulfinyl)octyl GSL (69), also glucohirsutin; (7) 8-(methylsulfonyl)octyl GSL (80); (8) 9-(methylsulfonyl)nonyl GSL (79); and (9) 10-(methylsulfinyl)decyl GSL (65), also glucocamelinin.

Data sources: Matthäus and Luftmann (2000); Brown et al. (2003); Boyd et al. (2006); Bellostas et al. (2007); Gill et al. (2007); Velasco et al. (2008); Pasini et al. (2012); Augustine et al. (2013b); Wiesner et al. (2013b); Chun et al. (2013); Zhu el . (2013); Agerbirk et al. (2014); Bhandari et al. (2015); Zhang et al. (2015c); Yi et al. (2015, 2016); Giallourou et al. (2016); Taranto et al. (2016); Jeon et al. (2017, 2022); Park et al. (2017); Klopsch et al. (2018); Andini et al. (2019); Bell et al. (2021); Li et al. (2021b); Gohain et al. (2021); Wang et al. (2022b); Missinou et al. (2022).