Table 2.
Phenotypic alterations following mutagenesis of genes involved in the GSL chain elongation step.
| Locus | Strategy | Species | Plant growth and agronomic traitsa |
GSL content |
Reference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Height | Fertility | Yield | Survival | Met-derived | Indole | ||||
| MAM1 | KO | A. thaliana | Nc | +c |
Kroymann et al., (2001) Textor et al. (2007) |
||||
| OE | B. rapa | N | N | N | N | +b | +b | Zang et al. (2008) | |
| MAM3 | OE | A. thaliana | N | N | N | N | Nc |
Field et al. (2004); Textor et al. (2007) |
|
| KO | A. thaliana | +c | Nc | Textor et al. (2007) | |||||
| GS-ELONG (MAMs) | KD | B. napus | N | N | N | N | –b | Nb | Liu et al. (2011) |
| BCAT4 | KO | A. thaliana | – | + |
Schuster et al. (2006); Sawada et al. (2009) |
||||
| KO | A. thaliana | N | N | N | –/N | + | Lächler et al. (2015) | ||
| BCAT6 | KO | A. thaliana | N | N | N | N | N | Lächler et al. (2015) | |
| BCAT3 | KO | A. thaliana | +/N | –/+ | Knill et al. (2009) | ||||
| KO | A. thaliana | N | N | N | N/+ | + | Lächler et al. (2015) | ||
| BCAT3BCAT4 | KO | A. thaliana | – | + | Knill et al. (2009) | ||||
| BCAT4BCAT6 | KO | A. thaliana | N | N | N | – | + | Lächler et al. (2015) | |
| BCAT3BCAT4BCAT6 | KO | A. thaliana | – | – | – | + | Lächler et al. (2015) | ||
| IPMI1 | KO | A. thaliana | N | N | N | N | –/N | Knill et al. (2009) | |
| KO and KD | A. thaliana | N | N | N | N | N | N |
He et al. (2010); Imhof et al. (2014) |
|
| IPMI2 | KO | A. thaliana | N | N | N | N/+ | N |
Knill et al. (2009); Imhof et al. (2014) |
|
| KO | A. thaliana | N | N | He et al. (2010) | |||||
| IPMI1IMPI2 | KO and KD | A. thaliana | –c | Nc | He et al. (2010) | ||||
| IPMDH | KO | A. thaliana | N | N | N | N | –c | +c |
He et al. (2009); Sawada et al. (2009); He et al. (2011) |
KO, knockout; KD, knockdown; OE, overexpression.
Several representative plant growth and agronomic traits are selected to show phenotypic alterations following gene mutagenesis. Plant height refers to the height of plants at full maturity or to putative height because dwarfism and subsequent death may occur at early stages. Fertility refers to plant male fertility rate at the flowering stage. Yield refers to per-plant seed yield at full maturity. Survival refers to the observed plant survival rate under normal growth conditions. Because the source data represent a mixture of descriptive and quantitative information, N (no changes), + (increase), and – (decrease) are used to indicate, although not precisely quantify, observed alterations in plant growth, agronomic traits, and GSL content.
The available GSL data are only from plant leaves. Other available GSL data are derived from the combination of leaves and seeds. A single N, +, or – is used to indicate the overall alteration in content in leaves and seeds. A virgule (“/”) is used to show distinct alterations in leaves/seeds.
GSL alterations are not supported by specific data but are speculated from the relevant description or calculated by indirect data evidence described in the source literature.