Table 1.

Changes in integral indices of toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles at different dose levels (X̅ ± Sx).

Parameter	Control	Exposure group 1	Exposure group 2
Duration of the first entry into the dark chamber in the light–dark box test, s	103.91 ± 39.89	8.60 ± 2.82 *	7.25 ± 1.91 *
Summation threshold index, s	12.94 ± 0.58	15.52 ± 0.64 *	14.77 ± 0.51*
Initial body weight, g	239.17 ± 4.12	231.67 ± 4.14	230.67 ± 2.91
Final body weight, g	292.92 ± 9.58	270.00 ± 5.16	280.91 ± 6.10
Liver weight, g/100 g bw	2.42 ± 0.45	2.76 ± 0.50	2.53 ± 0.51
Kidney weight, g/100 g bw	0.437 ± 0.077	0.443 ± 0.078	0.432 ± 0.084
Spleen weight, g/100 g bw	0.185 ± 0.033	0.167 ± 0.032	0.200 ± 0.040
Brain weight, g/100 g bw	0.522 ± 0.092	0.547 ± 0.097	0.500 ± 0.097
Heart weight, g/100 g bw	0.223 ± 0.048	0.278 ± 0.055	0.221 ± 0.054
Testis weight, g/100 g bw	0.75 ± 0.16	0.70 ± 0.15	0.69 ± 0.17
Succinate dehydrogenase activity, number of formazan granules per 50 blood lymphocytes	575.78 ± 6.10	507.00 ± 8.12 *	508.75 ± 7.83 *
Leukocytes, 109/L	7.60 ± 0.85	8.58 ± 0.79	9.49 ± 1.17
Erythrocytes, 1012/L	8.46 ± 0.72	7.75 ± 0.62	7.37 ± 0.76
Hemoglobin, g/L	172.18 ± 13.30	150.57 ± 4.72	160.25 ± 16.47
Hematocrit, %	20.44 ± 1.61	18.54 ± 1.27	17.19 ± 1.63
Platelets, 109/L	614.18 ± 36.52	659.78 ± 56.62	704.57 ± 38.89
Plateletcrit, %	0.183 ± 0.01	0.2282 ± 0.01 *	0.236 ± 0.02 *
Segmented neutrophils, %	19.09 ± 1.44	18.71 ± 1.13	19.75 ± 1.29
Monocytes, %	5.60 ± 0.16	5.25 ± 0.31	5.71 ± 0.36
Lymphocytes, %	71.45 ± 1.69	68.00 ± 1.13	71.63 ± 1.28
Eosinophils, 109/L	0.156 ± 0.03	0.120 ± 0.06	0.094 ± 0.02
Band neutrophils, 109/L	0.075 ± 0.01	0.058 ± 0.01	0.078 ± 0.02
Segmented neutrophils, 109/L	1.32 ± 0.21	1.21 ± 0.33	1.38 ± 0.34
Monocytes, 109/L	0.401 ± 0.06	0.294 ± 0.07	0.43 ± 0.12
Lymphocytes, 109/L	5.02 ± 0.76	3.94 ± 0.91	5.17 ± 1.36
Platelet distribution width, %	13.85 ± 0.80	14.17 ± 0.48	12.98 ± 0.14 #
Platelets, 109/L	614.18 ± 36.52	659.78 ± 56.62	704.57 ± 38.89
Mean platelet volume, fL	5.97 ± 0.15	6.12 ± 0.15	6.13 ± 0.14
Serum albumin, g/L	43.35 ± 1.64	43.17 ± 1.18	40.63 ± 0.97
Serum globulins, g/L	15.33 ± 4.36	14.31 ± 3.67	17.75 ± 4.28
Atherogenic index of plasma	1.904 ± 0.08	1.775 ± 0.09	1.468 ± 0.07 *#
Serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, U/L	237.58 ± 11.74	239.63 ± 19.33	260.47 ± 14.27
Serum alanine aminotransferase activity, U/L	42.96 ± 2.55	50.37 ± 2.04 *	47.05 ± 3.48
De Ritis ratio	5.08 ± 0.38	4.83 ± 0.48	5.22 ± 0.52
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.20 ± 0.20	1.25 ± 0.15	0.94 ± 0.11
Cholesterol, mmol/L	1.83 ± 0.18	1.62 ± 0.15	1.740 ± 0.03
High-density lipoproteins, mmol/L	1.31 ± 0.14	1.17 ± 0.11	1.077 ± 0.06
Low-density lipoproteins, mmol/L	0.220 ± 0.04	0.187 ± 0.03	0.264 ± 0.02
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L	199.28 ± 9.45	194.77 ± 19.35	136.47 ± 13.96 *#
Urinary total protein, g/L	232.16 ± 16.08	188.78 ± 51.98	163.05 ± 12.33 *

Significant values are in [bold].

p < 0.05 compared with * controls and # exposure group 1.