Table 1.
Characteristics of Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study Participants Included in the Current Analysis, Overall and by Quartiles of Lp(a) Mass Concentration.
| Participant characteristics | Overall | Quartiles of Lp(a) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||
| N | 1,439 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 359 |
| Range of Lp(a), mg/dL | 1.5 to 261.5 | 1.5 to <9.9 | 9.9 to <29.4 | 29.4 to <70.9 | 70.9 to 261.5 |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 61.6 ± 8.5 | 61.4 ± 9.1 | 61.5 ± 8.8 | 62.0 ± 7.7 | 61.7 ± 8.1 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 842 (58.5%) | 236 (65.6%) | 213 (59.2%) | 207 (57.5%) | 186 (51.8%) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| White | 533 (40.8%) | 213 (63.6%) | 154 (46.4%) | 84 (26.6%) | 82 (25.4%) |
| Black | 604 (46.2%) | 56 (16.7%) | 128 (38.6%) | 207 (65.5%) | 213 (65.9%) |
| Other | 169 (12.9%) | 66 (19.7%) | 50 (15.1%) | 25 (7.9%) | 28 (8.7%) |
| Study center, n (%) | |||||
| University of Pennsylvania | 188 (13.1%) | 37 (10.3%) | 52 (14.4%) | 49 (13.6%) | 50 (13.9%) |
| Johns Hopkins University | 212 (14.7%) | 41 (11.4%) | 41 (11.4%) | 63 (17.5%) | 67 (18.7%) |
| Case Western Reserve University | 196 (13.6%) | 60 (16.7%) | 47 (13.1%) | 42 (11.7%) | 47 (13.1%) |
| University of Michigan | 175 (12.2%) | 49 (13.6%) | 39 (10.8%) | 40 (11.1%) | 47 (13.1%) |
| University of Illinois at Chicago | 337 (23.4%) | 80 (22.2%) | 88 (24.4%) | 97 (26.9%) | 72 (20.1%) |
| Tulane University Health Science Center | 180 (12.5%) | 48 (13.3%) | 47 (13.1%) | 41 (11.4%) | 44 (12.3%) |
| Kaiser Permanente of Northern California | 151 (10.5%) | 45 (12.5%) | 46 (12.8%) | 28 (7.8%) | 32 (8.9%) |
| Income, n (%) | |||||
| ≤$20,000 | 550 (45.3%) | 115 (37.3%) | 150 (48.1%) | 140 (47.8%) | 145 (48.3%) |
| $20,001-$50,000 | 354 (29.2%) | 80 (26.0%) | 95 (30.4%) | 88 (30.0%) | 91 (30.3%) |
| $50,001-$100,000 | 216 (17.8%) | 71 (23.1%) | 52 (16.7%) | 45 (15.4%) | 48 (16.0%) |
| >$100,000 | 93 (7.7%) | 42 (13.6%) | 15 (4.8%) | 20 (6.8%) | 16 (5.3%) |
| Education less than high school, n (%) | 364 (25.3%) | 68 (18.9%) | 84 (23.3%) | 105 (29.2%) | 107 (29.8%) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 224 (15.6%) | 45 (12.5%) | 40 (11.1%) | 71 (19.7%) | 68 (18.9%) |
| Physical activity, total MET score, median (25th, 75th percentile) | 142.3 (93.1, 215.8) | 146.4 (106.8, 229.9) | 141.7 (81.5, 214.8) | 142.2 (89.5, 216.1) | 139.7 (87.8, 202.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), n (%) | |||||
| <25 | 195 (13.6%) | 45 (12.6%) | 46 (12.9%) | 42 (11.7%) | 62 (17.3%) |
| 25 to <30 | 399 (27.8%) | 113 (31.7%) | 89 (24.9%) | 104 (28.9%) | 93 (25.9%) |
| ≥30 | 839 (58.5%) | 199 (55.7%) | 222 (62.2%) | 214 (59.4%) | 204 (56.8%) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 897 (62.3%) | 227 (63.1%) | 231 (64.2%) | 223 (61.9%) | 216 (60.2%) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 131.6 ± 23.7 | 127.3 ± 22.1 | 129.3 ± 21.9 | 133.6 ± 23.5 | 136.3 ± 26.0 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, n (%) | 1316 (92.0%) | 322 (89.9%) | 331 (92.2%) | 326 (91.3%) | 337 (94.4%) |
| History of CHD, n (%) | 838 (58.2%) | 222 (61.7%) | 213 (59.2%) | 194 (53.9%) | 209 (58.2%) |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 381 (26.5%) | 81 (22.5%) | 91 (25.3%) | 110 (30.6%) | 99 (27.6%) |
| History of PAD, n (%) | 749 (52.1%) | 169 (46.9%) | 180 (50.0%) | 191 (53.1%) | 209 (58.2%) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD | 42.1 ± 16.0 | 45.3 ± 16.5 | 42.8 ± 16.3 | 40.7 ± 16.2 | 39.5 ± 14.6 |
| hs-CRP ≥2 mg/L, n (%) | 887 (61.6%) | 206 (57.2%) | 215 (59.7%) | 246 (68.3%) | 220 (61.3%) |
| ACR, n (%) | |||||
| <30 mg/g | 517 (37.1%) | 135 (38.8%) | 135 (38.9%) | 128 (36.1%) | 119 (34.6%) |
| 30-300 mg/g | 412 (29.6%) | 114 (32.8%) | 101 (29.1%) | 99 (27.9%) | 98 (28.5%) |
| >300-1,000 mg/g | 195 (14.0%) | 45 (12.9%) | 45 (13.0%) | 58 (16.3%) | 47 (13.7%) |
| >1,000 mg/g | 270 (19.4%) | 54 (15.5%) | 66 (19.0%) | 70 (19.7%) | 80 (23.3%) |
| Fibroblast growth factor 23, RU/mL, median (25th, 75th percentile) | 172.0 (112.8, 284.4) | 161.7 (107.1, 265.8) | 179.8 (115.3, 309.6) | 177.1 (114.4, 297.0) | 182.2 (114.4, 267.3) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 45.5 ± 13.7 | 42.6 ± 12.0 | 43.9 ± 12.8 | 46.0 ± 14.3 | 49.5 ± 14.7 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL, median (25th, 75th percentile) | 132.0 (95.0, 191.0) | 150.0 (108.0, 220.0) | 137.0 (102.0, 207.5) | 122.0 (86.5, 166.0) | 123.0 (90.0, 170.0) |
| Homocysteine, μmol/L, median (25th, 75th percentile) | 15.2 (12.3, 18.9) | 14.7 (12.2, 17.9) | 15.2 (12.5, 19.4) | 15.3 (11.9, 19.2) | 15.7 (12.5, 19.6) |
| Aspirin use | 844 (59.1%) | 218 (60.7%) | 221 (61.6%) | 204 (57.0%) | 201 (57.1%) |
| Statin use | 1,033 (72.3%) | 267 (74.4%) | 254 (70.8%) | 252 (70.4%) | 260 (73.9%) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 96.9 ± 35.0 | 88.0 ± 31.3 | 91.2 ± 32.1 | 99.1 ± 34.5 | 109.5 ± 37.9 |
| Non-Lp(a) LDL cholesterol, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 83.4 ± 34.0 | 86.5 ± 31.3 | 85.7 ± 32.0 | 84.7 ± 34.3 | 76.5 ± 37.5 |
Abbreviations: ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; CHD, coronary heart disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); MET, metabolic equivalent; PAD, peripheral artery disease; SD, standard deviation.