Table 3.
Risk for Recurrent Cardiovascular Events (Secondary Outcomes), and Kidney Failure and Death (Exploratory Outcomes) Associated With Lp(a) Levels (Secondary Outcomes).
| Coronary Heart Disease Events | Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations | Ischemic Stroke Events | Ischemic Stroke Hospitalizations | Peripheral Artery Disease Hospitalization | Kidney Failure | Death | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Events/person-years | 491/11,486 | 286/11,486 | 126/12,021 | 111/12,021 | 153/11,832 | 510/10,840 | 845/13,138 |
| Rate (95% CI) per 1,000 person-years | 42.7 (38.9-46.5) | 24.9 (22.0-27.8) | 10.5 (8.7-12.3) | 9.2 (7.5-11.0) | 12.9 (10.9-15.0) | 47.0 (43.0-51.1) | 64.3 (60.0-68.7) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) per 1 SD higher log-transformed Lp(a) | |||||||
| Model 1 | 1.01 (0.91-1.12) | 1.05 (0.92-1.19) | 1.06 (0.85-1.31) | 1.04 (0.84-1.30) | 1.10 (0.92-1.31) | 1.21 (1.09-1.34) | 1.06 (0.99-1.15) |
| Model 2 | 0.97 (0.87-1.08) | 1.01 (0.88-1.15) | 1.05 (0.84-1.31) | 1.05 (0.84-1.30) | 1.05 (0.87-1.26) | 1.12 (1.02-1.25) | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (0.90-1.11) | 1.05 (0.92-1.21) | 1.09 (0.86-1.37) | 1.09 (0.87-1.37) | 1.05 (0.87-1.27) | 1.16 (1.04-1.28) | 1.02 (0.94-1.11) |
Note: The SD of log-transformed Lp(a) was equal to 1.3 units, which represents a 3.7 times increase in Lp(a) levels in their original scale.
Recurrent cardiovascular events include coronary heart disease events (ie, myocardial infarction hospitalization or coronary heart disease death), myocardial infarction hospitalizations, ischemic stroke events (ie, ischemic stroke hospitalization or ischemic stroke death), ischemic stroke hospitalizations, peripheral artery disease hospitalization.
Model 1 includes adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study center, education and income.
Model 2 includes adjustment for variables in Model 1 and smoking status, physical activity, body mass index, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and albumin-creatinine ratio.
Model 3 includes adjustment for variables in Model 2 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fibroblast growth factor 23, homocysteine, use of aspirin and statins, and non-Lp(a) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); SD, standard deviation.